Utilizing Collagen Extracted from Fish Waste as a Sustainable Edible Food Packaging: A Dual Solution for Environmental Protection and Enhanced Patient Nutrition.

Abstract

The rapid accumulation of plastic waste, especially in marine environments, presents critical ecological challenges, spurring a global effort to find sustainable alternatives in food packaging. This review investigates the potential of collagen derived from fish waste as a promising solution for creating edible food packaging materials. Collagen, a naturally occurring biopolymer in fish by-products, stands out due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and versatile functional properties, making it an attractive alternative to traditional plastic. The review delves into the various methods of collagen extraction, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, acid treatment, and mechanical processes, assessing the impact of these methods on the quality, yield, and functionality of the collagen obtained. Additionally, the ability of collagen to form strong, flexible films suitable for packaging is evaluated, with particular attention to its potential in extending the shelf life of food products. Collagen-based packaging holds special benefits for patients with dietary restrictions or specific nutritional needs, offering a dual-purpose solution by serving as both packaging and an edible source of protein. Furthermore, this innovation could significantly reduce the environmental burden of plastic waste, contributing to cleaner ecosystems, particularly in oceans, where plastic debris poses severe risks to marine life. The economic implications of utilizing fish waste for packaging are also examined, highlighting potential cost savings by repurposing otherwise discarded materials. Nonetheless, the transition to collagen-based packaging is not without challenges. Technological barriers, including the need for enhanced durability, regulatory approval processes, and consumer acceptance in various markets, represent key hurdles. In conclusion, collagen from fish waste offers a sustainable and health-conscious alternative for food packaging. Continued research and collaboration across industries are essential to overcoming challenges and fully realizing the potential of this innovative solution.