COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS AND EMISSION OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE UTILIZING NEW INDUCTION MANIFOLD DESIGNS AND RUNNING ON ALTERNATIVE FUEL BLENDS

Abstract

The demands for increasing the swirl in the combustion chamber and for decreasing the exhaust emissions on diesel engines have increased rapidly over the past few years. Consequently, the researchers’ attention has been attracted significantly for innovating and testing a new design for the induction manifold that can match these demands. In this project, some possible alternative designs for the normal induction manifold are presented. The design of these new manifolds is inspired from the previous researches and studies about automobiles inlet manifolds. The test for the new manifolds involves swirl number calculations as well as a detailed performance and emission experimental test on the engine. The test also considers taking the readings for the exhaust gases (HC, CO, and ) and the smoke intensity using advanced measurement sensitive devices .Furthermore, this study aims to be more advanced by tracking out the pressure corresponding to each crank shaft angle by using a GW-Instek digital storage oscilloscope. As to make this work more beneficial, the performance of the engine is also diagnosed using alternative fuels such as GTL ( Gas to Liquid ) fuel and using biofuels ( Waste cooking oil & Corn oil ) in a blended form with diesel fuel . The results for any used alternative fuel or fuel blend in this experiment is compared with the result of diesel fuel in order to track any enhancement in engine performance or emission. It was found that the use of the 1D ( where D is the manifold inner diameter) new manifold can minimize the pressure variation with the crank angle position, the in-cylinder peak pressure and the particulate emission by a considerable amount due to the enhanced air-fuel mixing caused by the swirl motion generated when using this newly shaped manifold designs. The use of GTL fuel has significantly improved the engine performance and lower its emission due to its high cetane number and low Sulfur and Aromatics content. However, the use of the new fuel blends was found to be effective in some criteria such as lowering the PM and NO emission rate due to its high oxygen content.