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AuthorFakhroo, Aisha
AuthorAlKhatib, Hebah A
AuthorAl Thani, Asmaa A
AuthorYassine, Hadi M
Available date2021-11-29T05:16:11Z
Publication Date2021-10-12
Publication NameVaccines
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101168
CitationFakhroo, A.; AlKhatib, H.A.; Al Thani, A.A.; Yassine, H.M. Reinfections in COVID-19 Patients: Impact of Virus Genetic Variability and Host Immunity. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101168
Identifier1168
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/25171
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is still posing a devastating threat to social life and economics. Despite the modest decrease in the number of cases during September-November 2020, the number of active cases is on the rise again. This increase was associated with the emergence and spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), such as the U.K. (B1.1.7), South Africa (B1.351), Brazil (P1), and Indian (B1.617.2) strains. The rapid spread of these new variants has raised concerns about the multiple waves of infections and the effectiveness of available vaccines. In this review, we discuss SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rates in previously infected and vaccinated individuals in relation to humoral responses. Overall, a limited number of reinfection cases have been reported worldwide, suggesting long protective immunity. Most reinfected patients were asymptomatic during the second episode of infection. Reinfection was attributed to several viral and/or host factors, including (i) underlying immunological comorbidities; (ii) low antibody titers due to the primary infection or vaccination; (iii) rapid decline in antibody response after infection or vaccination; and (iv) reinfection with a different SARS-CoV-2 variant/lineage. Infections after vaccination were also reported on several occasions, but mostly associated with mild or no symptoms. Overall, findings suggest that infection- and vaccine-induced immunity would protect from severe illness, with the vaccine being effective against most VOCs.
Languageen
PublisherMDPI
SubjectSARS-CoV-2
antibodies
coronavirus
reinfection
variants
TitleReinfections in COVID-19 Patients: Impact of Virus Genetic Variability and Host Immunity
TypeArticle
Issue Number10
Volume Number9
dc.accessType Open Access


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