Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
التاريخ
2022-02-18المؤلف
Rixen, ChristianHøye, Toke Thomas
Macek, Petr
Aerts, Rien
Alatalo, Juha
Andeson, Jill
Arnold, Pieter
Barrio, Isabel C.
Bjerke, Jarle
Björkman, Mats P.
Blok, Daan
Blume-Werry, Gesche
Boike, Julia
Bokhorst, Stef
Carbognani, Michele
Christiansen, Casper
Convey, Peter
Cooper, Elisabeth J.
Cornelissen, J. Hans C.
Coulson, Stephen
Dorrepaal, Ellen
Elberling, Bo
Elmendorf, Sarah
Elphinstone, Cassandra
Forte, T'ai Gladys Whittingham
Frei, Esther R.
Geange, Sonya
Gehrmann, Friederike
Gibson, Casey
Grogan, Paul
Halbritter Rechsteiner , Aud
Harte, John
Henry, Greg H.R.
Inouye, David
Irwin, Rebecca
Jespersen, Gus
Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala
Jung, Ji Young
Klinges, David
Kudo, Gaku
Lämsä, Juho
Lee, Hanna
Lembrechts, Jonas
Lett, Signe
Lynn, Joshua Scott
Mann, Hjalte Mads
Mastepanov, Mikhail
Morse, Jennifer
Myers-Smith, Isla
Olofsson, Johan
Paavola, Riku
Petraglia, Alessandro
Phoenix, Gareth
Semenchuk, Philipp
Siewert, Matthias
Slatyer, Rachel
Spasojevic, Marko
Suding, Katharine
Sullivan, Patrick
Thompson, Kimberly
Väisänen, Maria
Vandvik, Vigdis
Venn, Susanna
Walz, Josefine
Way, Robert
Welker, Jeffery
Wipf, Sonja
Zong, Shengwei
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البيانات الوصفية
عرض كامل للتسجيلةالملخص
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulation studies, altering snow depth and duration, to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of studies on snow in tundra ecosystems has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. In specific, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by manipulative studies (average 7.9 days advance, 5.5 days delay) were substantially lower than those observed over spatial gradients (mean range of 56 days) or due to interannual variation (mean range of 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates.
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