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The hypertensive potential of estrogen: An untold story
(
Elsevier
, 2020 , Article Review)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The implication of estrogen in this disease has been extensively studied. While the vast majority of published research argue for a ...
Reactive oxygen species: Modulators of phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells
(
MDPI
, 2020 , Article Review)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural byproducts of oxygen metabolism in the cell. At physiological levels, they play a vital role in cell signaling. However, high ROS levels cause oxidative stress, which is implicated ...
Epac in vascular smooth muscle cells
(
MDPI
, 2020 , Article Review)
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are major components of blood vessels. They regulate physiological functions, such as vascular tone and blood flow. Under pathological conditions, VSMCs undergo a remodeling process ...