Autoimmune diseases (AD) have emerged as a pandemic in our modern societies, especially after the World War II. In part I, we have reviewed five main diseases and shed light on different aspects from introducing the concept ...

Autoimmune diseases have emerged as a pandemic in our modern societies, especially after World War II. There are currently more than 80 autoimmune diseases that compromise the lives of millions of patients around the world. ...

Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia share the same history of French colonial presence. While Algeria was simply annexed to become part of the French territory and divided into three provinces, Tunisia and Morocco were under the ...

The aim of this chapter is to examine how the debate about Islam in Europe is affecting the discourse on sport and Islam and Muslim communities. Recent sources of tensions occurred around the question of Islam including ...

As naming is categorising and, in turn, categorising is excluding, there have been many discussions about the respective definitions of marketing and sport marketing, their differences, their communalities, their practices, ...

This chapter reports on a research project that focused on how policy makers perceived and responded to the sporting needs of Muslim communities in Norway. A unique trait of Norwegian sport policy is that sport organizations ...

This chapter organizes three aspects: hijab and the ‘Islamization’ of sport; Arab-Muslim investment in sport as a means for ‘soft power’; and sport and the question of integration of Muslims as a challenge to citizenship ...

يعد بناء الاختبارات المقننة من أكثر القضايا التي شغلت الباحثين منذ زمن بعيد، حيث تكمن أهمية الاختبا ر كونه ا لأداة التي تستخدم للقياس في العلوم النفسية والتربوية ولكنها تفتقر إلى الكثير من الخصائص عندما نقارنها بأدوات ...

The host-adapted human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. The increased emergence of gonorrhea infections worldwide, associated with the surging resistance ...

This chapter aims to explore the reality of using online assessment systems during COVID-19 and critically reviews the existing models based on testing standards and the authors’ experience. These can help educators and ...