Investment deferral by optimal utilizing vehicle to grid in solar powered active distribution networks

Abstract

The load growth in the distribution grids is often handled by distribution network expansion planning. Significant part of such long-term expansion plan is required to supply on-peak load demand. The on-peak load demand may be supplied by supplementary technologies to reduce or defer network expansion. The vehicle to grid (V2G) is an efficient technology to cope with such situation. This paper presents distribution network expansion plan including electric vehicle charging station and solar panels. The V2G technology is modeled in the charging station operation. The purpose is to minimize the network expansion cost by smart V2G operation subject to solar energy uncertainty. The model is expressed in the form of optimization programming and minimize the expansion cost. The model optimizes the operation pattern of electric vehicles while considers all technical constraints. The outputs validate that the V2G operation in the charging station reduces the expansion cost by 450%. The developed model successfully shaves the peak load demand and deals with solar power fluctuations. 2020 Elsevier Ltd