Practical implementation of residential load management system by considering vehicle-for-power transfer: Profit analysis

Abstract

Nowadays with the development of smart appliances in the residential sector, home subscribers can play a key role in energy markets. These appliances in the form of responsive loads have a considerable impact on peak load demand. The use of responsive loads in the optimal coordination with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) is an evolved strategy to effectively implement demand response programs (DRPs). In this study, an energy-sharing framework in coordination with DRPs is proposed for residential buildings. The proposed structure seeks to achieve maximum profit for residential customers as well as to decrease the peak load demand by participating in DRPs. To this end, a novel ability of PHEV to share energy between the user's home and workplace is presented initially. The power transfer between the two areas by PHEV can help to manage the peak load demand and to increase customers' benefit, while it can be used as spinning reserve in peak intervals. Moreover, the proposed structure is designed based on the residential buildings' classification in terms of the buildings' daily activity schedule. In addition, the load management software under the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is constructed to manage smart appliances' behavior automatically. Analytical analysis is conducted on a sample residential customer load profile. Results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce peak load demand and electrical energy usage. 2020 Elsevier Ltd