Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes
View/ Open
Date
2022-06-30Author
Romdhani, MohamedAmmar, Achraf
Trabelsi, Khaled
Chtourou, Hamdi
Vitale, Jacopo A.
Masmoudi, Liwa
Nédélec, Mathieu
Rae, Dale E.
Al Horani, Ramzi A.
Ben Saad, Helmi
Bragazzi, Nicola
Dönmez, Gürhan
Dergaa, Ismail
Driss, Tarak
Farooq, Abdulaziz
Hammouda, Omar
Harroum, Nesrine
Hassanmirzaei, Bahar
Khalladi, Karim
Khemila, Syrine
Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose
Moussa-Chamari, Imen
Mujika, Iñigo
Muñoz Helú, Hussein
Norouzi Fashkhami, Amin
Paineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane
Khaneghah, Mehrshad Rahbari
Saita, Yoshitomo
Souabni, Maher
Souissi, Nizar
Washif, Jad Adrian
Weber, Johanna
Zmijewski, Piotr
Taylor, Lee
Garbarino, Sergio
Chamari, Karim
...show more authors ...show less authors
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Objective: Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes. Methods: From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020. Results: The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes. Conclusion: Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan.
Collections
- COVID-19 Research [822 items ]
- Physical Education [120 items ]