Diversity, Distribution, and applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Arabian Peninsula

Abstract

Investigations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) received extreme interests among scientist including agronomists and environmental scientists. This interest is linked to advantages provided by AMF in enhancing the nutrients of their hosts via improving photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant production. Further, it also positively alters the production of plant hormones. AMF through its associations with plants obtain carbon while in exchange, provide nutrients. AMF have been reported to improve the growth of Tageteserecta, Zea mays, Panicum turgidum, Arachis hypogaea, Triticum aestivum and others. This review further documented the occurrence, diversity, distribution, and agricultural applications of AMF species reported in the Arabian Peninsula. Overall, we documented 20 genera and 61 species of Glomeromycota in the Arabian Peninsula representing 46.51 % of genera and 17.88 % of species of AMF known so far.Funneliformis mosseae has found to be the most widely distributed species followed by Claroideoglomus etuicatum. There are 35 research articles focused on Arabian Peninsula where the stress conditions like drought, salinity and pollutants are prevailed. Only one group studied the influence of AMF on disease resistance, while salinity, drought, and cadmium stresses were investigated in 18, 6, and 4 investigations, respectively. The genus Glomus was the focus of most studies. The conducted research in the Arabian Peninsula is not enough to understand AMF taxonomy and their functional role in plant growth. Expanding the scope of detection of AMF, especially in coastal areas is essential. Future studies on biodiversity of AMF are essential.