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    Classification of defects in wooden structures using pre-trained models of convolutional neural network

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    1-s2.0-S2214509523007106-main.pdf (9.535Mb)
    Date
    2023
    Author
    Ehtisham, Rana
    Qayyum, Waqas
    Camp, Charles V.
    Plevris, Vagelis
    Mir, Junaid
    Khan, Qaiser-uz Zaman
    Ahmad, Afaq
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    Abstract
    Wooden structures, over time, are challenged by different types of defects. Due to mechanical and weathering effects, these defects can occur in the form of cracks, live and dead knots, dampness, and others. Because of the risk of damage or complete failure, treatment of these defects is necessary, but doing so necessitates their proper identification and classification (categorization). Crack identification and categorization must be part of the inspection procedure for engineering structures in the built environment. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a sub-type of Deep Learning (DL), can automatically classify the images of wooden structures to identify such defects. In this study, ten pre-trained models of CNN, namely ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, ShuffleNet, GoogLeNet, Inception-V3, MobileNet-V2, Xception, Inception-ResNet-V2, and NASNet-Mobile are evaluated for the tasks of classification and prediction of defects in wooden structures. Each pre-trained CNN model is additionally trained and validated on an image dataset of 9000 images, equally divided into three classes: cracks, knots, and intact (undamaged). A smaller dataset of 300 images is separately used for testing purposes. Statistical parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are computed for each CNN model. The Inception-V3 model proved to be the best CNN model for classifying defects in wooden structures based on the model's accuracy, processing time and overall performance.
    DOI/handle
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02530
    http://hdl.handle.net/10576/59642
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