Patients' knowledge, attitude, and practices toward unused medications in Qatar: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background: Global evidence has linked unused medications and their inappropriate disposal to adverse health, economic, environmental, and ethical impacts. However, such evidence is scarce in Qatar. This study explored patients' knowledge and attitude toward unused medications and their practices toward medication supply and disposal (KAP) in Qatar. Materials and methods Study design: A cross-sectional survey using a pretested questionnaire was performed between February 2020 and October 2020. Descriptive statistics, Man Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis Rank-Sum tests were applied. The Chi square test assessed the association between socio-demographic characteristics and KAP scores. Characteristics that were found significantly associated with KAP (i.e., p-values <0.05) were further included as predictor variables in the multiple linear regression model. Results: All items pertaining to patients' knowledge were found to be good (mean score > 3), except for "awareness of unwanted medication return policy" (mean score < 3), i.e., the lowest level of patient agreement (31 %) (median (M) = 3, Interquartile Range (IQR) = 3). Their attitude was generally good (mean score > 3). Conversely, their practice toward medication supply was poor (mean score < 3). Possible future use was the most reported reason (79 %) for keeping medications at home, and home trash was the most widely disposing place of unused ones (76 %). Knowledge was significantly higher among non-laborers and other occupations than among patients with no work (p < 0.001) and (p = 0.005), respectively. The attitude was significantly lower among patients with healthcare providers (HCPs) in their household than among those without (p = 0.001). Practices were also significantly lower among those aged 40-49 years and those with HCPs in their household than those aged 18-29 years (p = 0.012) and those without HCPs, (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Overall, patients' knowledge and attitude toward unused medications seem good, while their practices toward medication supply and disposal are bad. To mitigate the health, economic, and environmental impacts of unused medications, interventions including rationalizing drug supply, use, disposal, prescribing, manufacturing, and promotion are recommended.