The evolving role of pharmacists in depression care: a scoping review

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, depression is known to contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. Considering pharmacists are among the most approachable healthcare providers, they are well-placed to assist people with depression achieve positive treatment outcomes. Aim: The primary aim was to examine the evidence regarding pharmacists' roles in interventions, outcomes, and barriers to implementation within depression care globally, with the secondary aim focusing on the Arab region. Method: A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR extension guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, using Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Medline databases for studies worldwide and within the Arab region (22 Arab-league countries). Article selection, along with data extraction, analysis, and narrative synthesis were performed independently by two reviewers. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Forty studies reporting various roles and services provided by pharmacists in depression management were included. Most articles (24) described studies on pharmacist-led specific/single interventions/management strategies, and 16 described studies in which pharmacists provided comprehensive or team-based services. The majority of studies reported positive impact on patient outcomes. In accordance with the secondary aim, only three studies assessed various pharmacists' services for people with depression in the Arab region. Barriers to effective depression-related care included time constraints and training needs. Conclusion: This scoping review supports the expanding role of pharmacists in depression management. The interventions, impact, challenges, and research gaps identified serve as preliminary evidence for advocating for an expanded pharmacists' scope of practice in mental health, both globally and in the Arab region.