Potential valorization of fruits and vegetables waste from the wholesale market in Sfax (Tunisia) via anaerobic digestion: long-term characterization and stakeholders’ attitude

Abstract

This study investigates the temporal and seasonal variations in the physico-chemical characteristics and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of fruits and vegetable waste (FVW) from the wholesale market in Sfax, Tunisia. The purpose is to evaluate how seasonal variations in FVW composition influence the feasibility of anaerobic digestion (AD) as an effective recycling technology. Results show diverse waste composition with moderate physico-chemical variations, except for volatile solids, which were significantly lower in summer. BMP ranged from 283 to 439 mL CH4/g VSadded, confirming FVW as a high-potential energy resource when biologically converted to methane. To understand stakeholder perspectives on FVW valorization, a survey involving 40 participants connected to the wholesale market was conducted. Respondents were overwhelmingly enthusiastic about implementing a recycling system and recognized their pivotal role in its success. The findings demonstrate that AD is a feasible solution for managing FVW in Sfax, offering environmental benefits and renewable energy production. However, successful deployment requires overcoming barriers, including technological and logistical challenges. Future research should focus on scaling AD technologies and strengthening stakeholder engagement to advance sustainable FVW management.