DEVELOPING A MEAL-PLANNING EXCHANGE LIST FOR THE COMMON FOODS CONSUMED IN QATAR

Abstract

Background & Aim: Qatar faces a rising burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases due to dietary shifts from traditional to Westernized patterns. Effective prevention requires culturally relevant tools that balance macro and micronutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a culturally adapted food exchange list (FEL) integrating both nutrient types. Methods: The study involved four phases, analyzing 83 composite dishes and 188 individual foods with a focus on calcium, iron, and potassium. The collected laboratory analyzed nutrient data were validated against ESHA software-computed data using Stata SE 18. Macronutrient exchanges followed Wheeler et al.’s criteria, while micronutrient groups were defined by nutrient adequacy scores (≥10%), coefficient of variation (≤30%), and Z-scores (±2) using the Marques-Lopes method. Results: Strong correlations were found between laboratory and software data. Macronutrient groups met standard limits established by Wheeler et al. Comparison between the exchange list and food composition table in meal planning revealed minimal differences (Ca 1.6%, Fe 4.8%, K 6.6%). Additionally, the FEL met 60% of adult RDA values. Conclusion: The developed FEL offers a culturally tailored tool for both macronutrients and micronutrients-based dietary planning in Qatar and the region.