Unexpected adrenal pheochromocytoma associated with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure in a prepubertal boy: A case report.

Abstract

Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Most pediatric PHEOs are functional tumors, and clinical manifestations are related to catecholamine hypersecretion and/or tumor mass effects. We report here a case of a 10-year-old boy with a highly functional adrenal PHEO detected after the evaluation of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure in the patient. His vital signs at admission were: blood pressure up to 220/135 mm Hg; pulse, 112 beats/min; temperature, 37.4°C; respiratory rate, 22 breaths/min. A 24-hour urine collection for catecholamines test showed a marked increase in Vanillylmandelic acid levels (338.9 μmol/L). An abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined left adrenal gland mass measuring ∼5 cm in its largest dimension. The mass was surgically removed, and histopathological examination revealed PHEO with low malignant potential (Adrenal Gland Scaled Score/PASS/ < 4). The patient was discharged on the 10th postoperative day in good condition. At 24-month follow-up, the patient was doing well without complications such as tumor recurrence, elevated blood pressure, and seizure. PHEO should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with seizures presenting in the emergency department. A multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation and treatment of PHEO is also crucial for a successful outcome.