Low switching frequency modulation of a 3 x 3 matrix converter in UPFC application using differential evolution method

Abstract

This paper presents a low switching frequency–based pulse width modulation technique for a 3 × 3 indirect matrix converter. The nontriplen lower-order harmonics are considered for minimization using differential evolution–based metaheuristic technique. The mathematical equations are formulated while considering minimization of nontriplet lower-order harmonics along with control of fundamental voltage. An objective function is constructed by considering all the constraints on the feasible region and then it is minimized by using differential evolution technique. It is observed that the solution in the entire modulation range exists along with multiple solutions. Various cases of switching angles are considered, and solution trajectories are reported in practically feasible range. This type of modulation and control scheme is extremely useful in high power applications such as unified power flow controller as it minimizes the switching losses in the converter. The theoretical findings are verified by simulation and hardware results.