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Industrial wastewater volume reduction through osmotic concentration: Membrane module selection and process modeling
(
Elsevier Ltd
, 2021 , Article)
Osmotic concentration (OC), a form of forward osmosis (FO) but without draw solution recovery, can be applied for reducing wastewater disposal volumes in the oil & gas industry. Within this industry, wastewater is often ...
Magnetic nanoparticles draw solution for forward osmosis: Current status and future challenges in wastewater treatment
(
Elsevier
, 2022 , Article)
Forward osmosis is considered as the least energy intensive membrane process since it operates based on the osmotic pressure gradient. However, it is still considered as immature technology mainly due to the elevated cost ...