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AuthorAl-Thani, Najlaa
AuthorHaider, Mohammad Z.
AuthorAl-Mansoob, Maryam
AuthorPatel, Stuti
AuthorAhmad, Salma M.S.
AuthorKobeissy, Firas
AuthorShaito, Abdullah
Available date2023-05-28T05:04:54Z
Publication Date2023-05
Publication NameImpact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Genomics and Epigenomics
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119896258.ch8
CitationAl-Thani, N., Haider, M.Z., Al-Mansoob, M., Patel, S., Ahmad, S.M.S., Kobeissy, F. and Shaito, A. (2023). Nano-Engineering in Traumatic Brain Injury. In Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Genomics and Epigenomics, S.C. Sahu (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119896258.ch8
ISBN9781119896227
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/43476
AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and chronic disability worldwide TBI involves an initial primary phase triggered by an impactful force to the brain and a subsequent secondary pathological phase. The secondary phase is characterized by key cellular events such as the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) and a cascade of inflammatory events such as the impairment of mitochondrial function, increase in oxidative stress, activation of glial cells, and impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) causing paracellular leakage. There is no FDA-approved drug for TBI, but current treatment strategies rely on the delivery of small and macromolecular therapies to the brain, and these are severely restricted by the BBB, poor retention, off-target toxicity, and by the complex pathology of TBI. Therefore, there is a growing need for novel therapeutics for the diagnosis and treatment of TBI with effective delivery tactics and treatment paradigms such as nano-engineering nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoparticles sizes range between 1-100 nm and are engineered to form distinct materials such as lipids, organic polymers, and silica and metals complexes providing NPs with characteristics that can mitigate TBI secondary events like BBB breakage, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to mitigation of TBI pathology. Limitations of NP technology in the treatment of TBI are related to bioavailability, toxicity load and proinflammatory activity of NPs in the brain. In this chapter, we discuss nanoparticles (NPs) as novel strategies for the treatment of TBI and explore their synthesis, mechanisms of action, and limitations. Understanding the mechanisms and complications of NPs as novel therapeutic strategies will help guide and improve the design of future TBI therapies.
Languageen
PublisherWiley
SubjectNano-engineering
Biomaterials
Mitochondrial dysfunction
neuroinflammation
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Oxidative stress
nanoparticles and brain injury
lipid-based nanoparticles
gold nanoparticles
silver nanoparticles
fullerenes
carbon nanotubules
carbon dots
polymeric nanoparticles
TitleNano-Engineering in Traumatic Brain Injury
TypeBook chapter
Pagination217-228
EISBN9781119896258
dc.accessType Abstract Only


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