عرض بسيط للتسجيلة

المؤلفMokdad, Ali H.
المؤلفBisignano, Catherine
المؤلفHsu, Johnathan M.
المؤلفAbabneh, Hazim S.
المؤلفAbbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh
المؤلفAbdelkader, Atef
المؤلفAbdelmasseh, Michael
المؤلفAbiodun, Olugbenga Olusola
المؤلفAboagye, Richard Gyan
المؤلفAbu-Zaid, Ahmed
المؤلفAbukhadijah, Hana J.
المؤلفAddo, Isaac Yeboah
المؤلفAdeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda
المؤلفAdegboye, Oyelola A.
المؤلفAdekanmbi, Victor
المؤلفAdeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther
المؤلفAdzigbli, Leticia Akua
المؤلفAfolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
المؤلفAgyemang-Duah, Williams
المؤلفAhmad, Shahzaib
المؤلفAhmad, Danish
المؤلفAhmed, Ayman
المؤلفAhmed, Syed Anees
المؤلفAkkaif, Mohammed Ahmed
المؤلفAkrami, Ashley E.
المؤلفAkter, Ema
المؤلفAl Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
المؤلفAl Ta'ani, Omar
المؤلفAl-Ajlouni, Yazan
المؤلفAl-Aly, Ziyad
المؤلفAl-Rifai, Rami Hani
المؤلفAl-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.
المؤلفAl-Wardat, Mohammad
المؤلفAl-Zyoud, Walid Adnan
المؤلفAlam, Manjurul
المؤلفAlbakri, Almaza
المؤلفAldhaleei, Wafa A.
المؤلفAldridge, Robert W.
المؤلفAli, Mohammed Usman
المؤلفAli, Abid
المؤلفAli, Rafat
المؤلفAli, Waad
المؤلفAlmustanyir, Sami
المؤلفAlqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen
المؤلفAlrawashdeh, Ahmad
المؤلفAlsabri, Mohammed A.
المؤلفAly, Hany
المؤلفAmani, Reza
المؤلفAmegbor, Prince M.
المؤلفAmindarolzarbi, Alireza
المؤلفAmiri, Sohrab
المؤلفAnil, Abhishek
المؤلفAppiah, Francis
المؤلفArabloo, Jalal
المؤلفArafa, Elshaimaa A.
المؤلفArafat, Mosab
المؤلفAravkin, Aleksandr Y.
المؤلفArdekani, Ali
المؤلفAreda, Demelash
المؤلفAshina, Sait
المؤلفAtreya, Alok
المؤلفAyalew, Fekadu Belay
المؤلفAzzam, Ahmed Y.
المؤلفBabu, Giridhara Rathnaiah
المؤلفBaghdadi, Soroush
المؤلفBagherieh, Sara
المؤلفBahramian, Saeed
المؤلفBahreini, Razieh
المؤلفBako, Abdulaziz T.
المؤلفBansal, Kannu
المؤلفBärnighausen, Till Winfried
المؤلفBarrow, Amadou
المؤلفBastan, Mohammad-Mahdi
المؤلفBasu, Sanjay
المؤلفBatra, Ravi
المؤلفBatra, Kavita
المؤلفBayati, Mohsen
المؤلفBeiranvand, Maryam
المؤلفBell, Michelle L.
المؤلفBeloukas, Apostolos
المؤلفBemanalizadeh, Maryam
المؤلفBennitt, Fiona B.
المؤلفBenzian, Habib
المؤلفBeran, Azizullah
المؤلفBermudez, Amiel Nazer C.
المؤلفBernstein, Robert S.
المؤلفBeyene, Habtamu B.B.
المؤلفBeyene, Kebede A.
المؤلفBhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
المؤلفBhala, Neeraj
المؤلفBhargava, Ashish
المؤلفBhaskar, Sonu
المؤلفBhat, Vivek
المؤلفBodunrin, Aadam Olalekan
المؤلفBoppana, Sri Harsha
المؤلفBorhany, Hamed
المؤلفBosoka, Samuel Adolf
المؤلفBoxe, Christopher
المؤلفBoyko, Edward J.
المؤلفBraithwaite, Dejana
المؤلفBrauer, Michael
المؤلفBryazka, Dana
المؤلفBugiardini, Raffaele
المؤلفBustanji, Yasser
المؤلفButt, Zahid A.
المؤلفCaetano Dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
المؤلفCagney, Jack
المؤلفCao, Chao
المؤلفCapodici, Angelo
المؤلفCastaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
المؤلفCembranel, Francieli
المؤلفCenko, Edina
المؤلفChandrasekar, Eeshwar K.
المؤلفChaudhary, Anis Ahmad
المؤلفChen, An-Tian
المؤلفChen, Meng Xuan
المؤلفChi, Gerald
المؤلفChong, Bryan
المؤلفChoudhari, Sonali Gajanan
المؤلفChowdhury, Rajiv
المؤلفChung, Sheng-Chia
المؤلفCogen, Rebecca M.
المؤلفConde, Joao
المؤلفCooper, Leslie Trumbull
المؤلفCortese, Samuele
المؤلفCriqui, Michael H.
المؤلفCruz-Martins, Natalia
المؤلفCulbreth, Garland T.
المؤلفD'Oria, Mario
المؤلفDabo, Bashir
المؤلفDai, Zhaoli
المؤلفDai, Xiaochen
المؤلفDamiani, Giovanni
المؤلفDaoud, Farah
المؤلفDarcho, Samuel D.D.
المؤلفDarwesh, Aso Mohammad
المؤلفDas, Saswati
المؤلفDash, Nihar Ranjan
المؤلفDashti, Mohsen
المؤلفDegenhardt, Louisa
المؤلفDes Jarlais, Don C.
المؤلفDevanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
المؤلفDewan, Syed Masudur Rahman
المؤلفDhama, Kuldeep
المؤلفDiaz, Daniel
المؤلفDiaz, Luis Antonio
المؤلفDiaz, Michael J.
المؤلفDing, Delaney D.
المؤلفDo, Thao Huynh Phuong
المؤلفDo, Thanh Chi
المؤلفDoan, Khanh Duy
المؤلفDongarwar, Deepa
المؤلفDorsey, E. Ray
المؤلفDoshi, Ojas Prakashbhai
المؤلفDoshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai
المؤلفDouiri, Abdel
المؤلفDowou, Robert Kokou
المؤلفDube, John
المؤلفDutta, Siddhartha
المؤلفDwyer-Lindgren, Laura
المؤلفDziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian
المؤلفE'mar, Abdel Rahman
المؤلفEbrahimi, Alireza
المؤلفEhrlich, Joshua R.R.
المؤلفEkundayo, Temitope Cyrus
المؤلفEl Arab, Rabie Adel
المؤلفEl Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat
المؤلفElhadi, Muhammed
المؤلفElmoselhi, Adel B.
المؤلفElNahas, Gihan
المؤلفElshaer, Mohammed
المؤلفEltaha, Chadi
المؤلفEmamverdi, Mehdi
المؤلفEsposito, Francesco
المؤلفEtaee, Farshid
المؤلفEzenwankwo, Elochukwu Fortune
المؤلفFahim, Ayesha
المؤلفFakhri-Demeshghieh, Aliasghar
المؤلفFasanmi, Abidemi Omolara
المؤلفFazylov, Timur
المؤلفFeigin, Valery L.
المؤلفFekadu, Ginenus
المؤلفFeroze, Abdullah Hamid
المؤلفFerreira, Nuno
المؤلفFilip, Irina
المؤلفFischer, Florian
المؤلفFlor, Luisa S.
المؤلفFu, Weijia
المؤلفFukumoto, Takeshi
المؤلفGadanya, Muktar A.
المؤلفGajjar, Avi A.
المؤلفGanesan, Balasankar
المؤلفGaniyani, Mohammad Arfat
المؤلفGao, Xiang
المؤلفGardner, William M.
المؤلفGebregergis, Miglas Welay
المؤلفGebrehiwot, Mesfin
المؤلفGebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
المؤلفGhadimi, Delaram J.
المؤلفGhasemzadeh, Afsaneh
المؤلفGholamrezanezhad, Ali
المؤلفGhotbi, Elena
المؤلفGöbölös, Laszlo
المؤلفGoldust, Mohamad
المؤلفGolechha, Mahaveer
المؤلفGolinelli, Davide
المؤلفGrada, Ayman
المؤلفGuha, Avirup
المؤلفGuicciardi, Stefano
المؤلفGupta, Ishita
المؤلفGupta, Veer Bala
المؤلفGupta, Vivek Kumar
المؤلفHaakenstad, Annie
المؤلفHabibzadeh, Parham
المؤلفHaep, Nils
المؤلفHaile, Demewoz
المؤلفHaj-Mirzaian, Arvin
المؤلفHalimi, Aram
المؤلفHamilton, Erin B.
المؤلفHaque, Obaid I.
المؤلفHasaballah, Ahmed I.
المؤلفHasan, Md. Kamrul
المؤلفHasnain, Md. Saquib
المؤلفHassan, Abbas M.
المؤلفHavmoeller, Rasmus J.J.
المؤلفHay, Simon I.
المؤلفHebert, Jeffrey J.
المؤلفHeidary, Zohreh
المؤلفHemmati, Mehdi
المؤلفHidayana, Irma
المؤلفHinneh, Thomas Kwadwo
المؤلفHiraike, Yuta
المؤلفHoan, Nguyen Quoc
المؤلفHorita, Nobuyuki
المؤلفHossain, Md. Belal
المؤلفHossain, Md. Mahbub
المؤلفHosseinzadeh, Mehdi
المؤلفHostiuc, Sorin
المؤلفHu, Chengxi
المؤلفHuang, Junjie
المؤلفHundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes
المؤلفHushmandi, Kiavash
المؤلفHuynh, Hong-Han
المؤلفIkuta, Kevin S.
المؤلفIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
المؤلفIslam, Md. Rabiul
المؤلفJacob, Louis
المؤلفJacobsen, Kathryn H.
المؤلفJain, Akhil
المؤلفJairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman
المؤلفJakovljevic, Mihajlo
المؤلفJamshidi, Elham
المؤلفJavaheri, Tahereh
المؤلفJeswani, Bijay Mukesh
المؤلفJeyakumar, Angeline
المؤلفJohnson, Emily Katherine
المؤلفKanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem
المؤلفKantar, Rami S.
المؤلفKaranth, Shama D.
المؤلفKaraye, Ibraheem M.
المؤلفKassebaum, Nicholas J.
المؤلفKatamreddy, Adarsh
المؤلفKazemi, Foad
المؤلفKerr, Jessica A.
المؤلفKhader, Yousef Saleh
المؤلفKhamesipour, Faham
المؤلفKhan, Mohammad Jobair
المؤلفKhan, Zeeshan Ali
المؤلفKhan, Fayaz
المؤلفKhan, Ajmal
المؤلفKhatab, Khaled
المؤلفKhatami, Fatemeh
المؤلفKhatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
المؤلفKhormali, Moein
المؤلفKhosla, Atulya Aman
المؤلفKhosravi, Sepehr
المؤلفKhosravi, Majid
المؤلفKhubchandani, Jagdish
المؤلفKim, Grace
المؤلفKim, Min Seo
المؤلفKimokoti, Ruth W.
المؤلفKisa, Adnan
المؤلفKochhar, Sonali
المؤلفKoren, Gerbrand
المؤلفKrishnamoorthy, Vijay
المؤلفKubeisy, Connor M.
المؤلفKuddus, Md. Abdul
المؤلفKulimbet, Mukhtar
المؤلفKulkarni, Vishnutheertha
المؤلفKumar, Vijay
المؤلفKumar, Ashish
المؤلفKumar, Rakesh
المؤلفKundu, Satyajit
المؤلفKurmi, Om P.
المؤلفKyei, Evans F.
المؤلفLai, Hanpeng
المؤلفLan, Qing
المؤلفLansingh, Van Charles
المؤلفLe, Trang Diep Thanh
المؤلفLe, Huu-Hoai
المؤلفLe, Nhi Huu Hanh
المؤلفLe, Thao Thi Thu
المؤلفLeasher, Janet L.
المؤلفLee, Seung Won
المؤلفLee, Wei-Chen
المؤلفLi, Wei
المؤلفLibra, Massimo
المؤلفLim, Stephen S.
المؤلفLin, Jialing
المؤلفLin, John C.
المؤلفLioutas, Vasileios-Arsenios
المؤلفLiu, Xuefeng
المؤلفLiu, Richard T.
المؤلفLiu, Xiaofeng
المؤلفLiu, Jie
المؤلفLópez-Gil, José Francisco
المؤلفLopukhov, Platon D.
المؤلفLucchetti, Giancarlo
المؤلفLunevicius, Raimundas
المؤلفLusk, Jay B.
المؤلفMafhoumi, Asma
المؤلفMalakan Rad, Elaheh
المؤلفManla, Yosef
المؤلفMansouri, Vahid
المؤلفManu, Emmanuel
المؤلفMarconi, Agustina M.
المؤلفMarino, Mirko
المؤلفMartin, Randall V.
المؤلفMartinez-Piedra, Ramon
المؤلفMarx, Wolfgang
المؤلفMarzo, Roy Rillera
المؤلفMathangasinghe, Yasith
المؤلفMatozinhos, Fernanda Penido
المؤلفMcPhail, Steven M.
المؤلفMekene Meto, Tesfahun
المؤلفMeles, Hadush Negash
المؤلفMelese, Endalkachew Belayneh
المؤلفMensah, George A.
المؤلفMensah, Laverne G.
المؤلفMeo, Sultan Ayoub
المؤلفMestrovic, Tomislav
المؤلفMhlanga, Laurette
المؤلفMhlanga, Adquate
المؤلفMichalek, Irmina Maria
المؤلفMiller, Ted R.
المؤلفMirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad
المؤلفMishra, Ajay Kumar
المؤلفMoberg, Madeline E.
المؤلفMohamed, Nouh Saad
المؤلفMohamed, Mouhand F.H.
المؤلفMohamed, Jama
المؤلفMohammadzadeh, Ibrahim
المؤلفMohammed, Salahuddin
المؤلفMohammed, Shafiu
المؤلفMolavi Vardanjani, Hossein
المؤلفMomtazmanesh, Sara
المؤلفMoni, Mohammad Ali
المؤلفMontazeri, Fateme
المؤلفMoradi, Yousef
المؤلفMoradi-Lakeh, Maziar
المؤلفMoraga, Paula
المؤلفMorrison, Shane Douglas
المؤلفMotappa, Rohith
المؤلفMougin, Vincent
المؤلفMurillo-Zamora, Efren
المؤلفNaghavi, Mohsen
المؤلفNaghavi, Pirouz
المؤلفNaik, Gurudatta
المؤلفNajdaghi, Soroush
المؤلفNanavaty, Dhairya P.
المؤلفNarimani Davani, Delaram
المؤلفNascimento, Gustavo G.
المؤلفNashwan, Abdulqadir J.
المؤلفNatto, Zuhair S.
المؤلفNduaguba, Sabina Onyinye
المؤلفNetsere, Henok Biresaw
المؤلفNezameslami, Ahmadreza
المؤلفNguyen, Hau Thi Hien
المؤلفNguyen, Tuan Thanh
المؤلفNguyen, Dang H.
المؤلفNguyen, Hien Quang
المؤلفNguyen, Anh Hoang
المؤلفNguyen, Van Thanh
المؤلفNigatu, Yeshambel T.
المؤلفNikravangolsefid, Nasrin
المؤلفNoor, Syed Toukir Ahmed
المؤلفNovotney, Amanda
المؤلفNugen, Fred
المؤلفNutor, Jerry John
المؤلفNzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet
المؤلفOancea, Bogdan
المؤلفOduro, Michael Safo
المؤلفOgundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu
المؤلفOkeke, Sylvester Reuben
المؤلفOkonji, Osaretin Christabel
المؤلفOlagunju, Andrew T.
المؤلفOlorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi
المؤلفOlufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa
المؤلفOmar, Hany A.
المؤلفOnyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna
المؤلفOpejin, Abdulahi
المؤلفOrtega-Altamirano, Doris V.
المؤلفOstroff, Samuel M.
المؤلفPadukudru, Mahesh P.A.
المؤلفPanda, Sujogya Kumar
المؤلفParikh, Romil R.
المؤلفPark, Sungchul
المؤلفPark, Eun-Kee
المؤلفPark, Seoyeon
المؤلفPashaei, Ava
المؤلفPasovic, Maja
المؤلفPatel, Jenil R.
المؤلفPatil, Shankargouda
المؤلفPawar, Shrikant
المؤلفPeprah, Emmanuel K.
المؤلفPereira, Gavin
المؤلفPestell, Richard G.
المؤلفPham, Hoang Tran
المؤلفPhilip, Anil K.
المؤلفPhillips, Michael R.
المؤلفPigeolet, Manon
المؤلفPostma, Maarten J.
المؤلفPourali, Ghazaleh
المؤلفPourbabaki, Reza
المؤلفPrabhu, Disha
المؤلفPradhan, Pranil Man Singh
المؤلفPradhan, Jalandhar
المؤلفPuvvula, Jagadeesh
المؤلفRabiee Rad, Mehrdad
المؤلفRadfar, Amir
المؤلفRafferty, Quinn
المؤلفRahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
المؤلفRahman, Muhammad Aziz
المؤلفRahmanian, Mohammad
المؤلفRamadan, Majed
المؤلفRamasamy, Shakthi Kumaran
المؤلفRamazanu, Sheena
المؤلفRane, Amey
المؤلفRashid, Ahmed Mustafa
المؤلفRawassizadeh, Reza
المؤلفRedwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
المؤلفReiner, Robert C.
المؤلفRhee, Taeho Gregory
المؤلفRickard, Jennifer
المؤلفRodrigues, Monica
المؤلفRodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia
المؤلفRout, Himanshu Sekhar
المؤلفRunghien, Tilleye
المؤلفSaad, Aly M.A.
المؤلفSabet, Cameron John
المؤلفSabour, Siamak
المؤلفSaeed, Umar
المؤلفSafari, Mehdi
المؤلفSagoe, Dominic
المؤلفSajib, Md. Refat Uz Zaman
المؤلفSalum, Giovanni A.
المؤلفSamuel, Vijaya Paul
المؤلفSamy, Abdallah M.
المؤلفSaravanan, Aswini
المؤلفSaravi, Babak
المؤلفScarmeas, Nikolaos
المؤلفSchlaich, Markus P.
المؤلفSchuermans, Art
المؤلفSchumacher, Austin E.
المؤلفSchwebel, David C.
المؤلفSeylani, Allen
المؤلفShafie, Mahan
المؤلفShah, Nilay S.
المؤلفShahbandi, Ataollah
المؤلفShaikh, Ahmed
المؤلفShaikh, Masood Ali
المؤلفShakil, Husain
المؤلفShamim, Muhammad Aaqib
المؤلفShamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali
المؤلفSharath, Medha
المؤلفSharifan, Amin
المؤلفSharma, Manoj
المؤلفShetty, Pavanchand H.
المؤلفShetty, Premalatha K.
المؤلفShi, Peilin
المؤلفShittu, Aminu
المؤلفShivarov, Velizar
المؤلفShool, Sina
المؤلفShuval, Kerem
المؤلفSiddig, Emmanuel Edwar
المؤلفSingh, Surjit
المؤلفSirota, Sarah Brooke
المؤلفSleet, David A.
المؤلفSolanki, Ranjan
المؤلفSolanki, Shipra
المؤلفSoliman, Sameh S.M.
المؤلفSong, Yi
المؤلفStafford, Lauryn K.
المؤلفSultana, Abida
المؤلفSun, Jing
المؤلفSwain, Chandan Kumar
المؤلفSzarpak, Lukasz
المؤلفSzeto, Mindy D.
المؤلفTabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad
المؤلفTabche, Celine
المؤلفTaiba, Jabeen
المؤلفTat, Nathan Y.
المؤلفTemsah, Mohamad-Hani
المؤلفTeramoto, Masayuki
المؤلفThornton, James Douglas
المؤلفTovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
المؤلفTram, Khai Hoan
المؤلفTran, Thang Huu
المؤلفTran, Jasmine T.
المؤلفTran, Ngoc Ha
المؤلفTromans, Samuel Joseph
المؤلفTruyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai
المؤلفTumurkhuu, Munkhtuya
المؤلفTyrovolas, Stefanos
المؤلفUdoh, Arit
المؤلفUllah, Sana
المؤلفUllah, Saeed
المؤلفUllah, Atta
المؤلفVahdati, Sanaz
المؤلفVaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj
المؤلفVakili, Omid
المؤلفVan Den Eynde, Jef
المؤلفvan Donkelaar, Aaron
المؤلفVervoort, Dominique
المؤلفVinayak, Manish
المؤلفVongpradith, Avina
المؤلفVos, Theo
المؤلفWaqas, Muhammad
المؤلفWeerakoon, Kosala Gayan
المؤلفWesterman, Ronny
المؤلفWilkerson, Caroline
المؤلفWu, Chenkai
المؤلفWu, Felicia
المؤلفXu, Suowen
المؤلفYang, Lin
المؤلفYang, Danting
المؤلفYano, Yuichiro
المؤلفYesiltepe, Metin
المؤلفYon, Dong Keon
المؤلفYounis, Mustafa Z.
المؤلفYu, Chuanhua
المؤلفZadey, Siddhesh
المؤلفZastrozhin, Michael
المؤلفZeariya, Mohammed G.M.
المؤلفZhang, Haijun
المؤلفZhang, Zhiqiang
المؤلفZhang, Meixin
المؤلفZhong, Claire Chenwen
المؤلفZhu, Bin
المؤلفZhumagaliuly, Abzal
المؤلفZia, Hafsa
المؤلفZiafati, Makan
المؤلفZielińska, Magdalena
المؤلفZyoud, Sa'ed H.
المؤلفMurray, Christopher J.L.
تاريخ الإتاحة2025-02-27T09:56:49Z
تاريخ النشر2024
اسم المنشورThe Lancet
المصدرScopus
المعرّفhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01446-6
الرقم المعياري الدولي للكتاب1406736
معرّف المصادر الموحدhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/63342
الملخصBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides a comprehensive assessment of health and risk factor trends at global, regional, national, and subnational levels. This study aims to examine the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the USA and highlight the disparities in health outcomes across different states. Methods GBD 2021 analysed trends in mortality, morbidity, and disability for 371 diseases and injuries and 88 risk factors in the USA between 1990 and 2021. We used several metrics to report sources of health and health loss related to specific diseases, injuries, and risk factors. GBD 2021 methods accounted for differences in data sources and biases. The analysis of levels and trends for causes and risk factors within the same computational framework enabled comparisons across states, years, age groups, and sex. GBD 2021 estimated years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost to premature mortality and YLDs) for 371 diseases and injuries, years of life lost (YLLs) and mortality for 288 causes of death, and life expectancy and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We provided estimates for 88 risk factors in relation to 155 health outcomes for 631 risk–outcome pairs and produced risk-specific estimates of summary exposure value, relative health risk, population attributable fraction, and risk-attributable burden measured in DALYs and deaths. Estimates were produced by sex (male and female), age (25 age groups from birth to ≥95 years), and year (annually between 1990 and 2021). 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws (ie, 500 random samples from the estimate's distribution). Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Findings We found disparities in health outcomes and risk factors across US states. Our analysis of GBD 2021 highlighted the relative decline in life expectancy and HALE compared with other countries, as well as the impact of COVID-19 during the first 2 years of the pandemic. We found a decline in the USA's ranking of life expectancy from 1990 to 2021: in 1990, the USA ranked 35th of 204 countries and territories for males and 19th for females, but dropped to 46th for males and 47th for females in 2021. When comparing life expectancy in the best-performing and worst-performing US states against all 203 other countries and territories (excluding the USA as a whole), Hawaii (the best-ranked state in 1990 and 2021) dropped from sixth-highest life expectancy in the world for males and fourth for females in 1990 to 28th for males and 22nd for females in 2021. The worst-ranked state in 2021 ranked 107th for males (Mississippi) and 99th for females (West Virginia). 14 US states lost life expectancy over the study period, with West Virginia experiencing the greatest loss (2·7 years between 1990 and 2021). HALE ranking declines were even greater; in 1990, the USA was ranked 42nd for males and 32nd for females but dropped to 69th for males and 76th for females in 2021. When comparing HALE in the best-performing and worst-performing US states against all 203 other countries and territories, Hawaii ranked 14th highest HALE for males and fifth for females in 1990, dropping to 39th for males and 34th for females in 2021. In 2021, West Virginia—the lowest-ranked state that year—ranked 141st for males and 137th for females. Nationally, age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1990 and 2021 for many leading causes of death, most notably for ischaemic heart disease (56·1% [95% UI 55·1–57·2] decline), lung cancer (41·9% [39·7–44·6]), and breast cancer (40·9% [38·7–43·7]). Over the same period, age-standardised mortality rates increased for other causes, particularly drug use disorders (878·0% [770·1–1015·5]), chronic kidney disease (158·3% [149·6–167·9]), and falls (89·7% [79·8–95·8]). We found substantial variation in mortality rates between states, with Hawaii having the lowest age-standardised mortality rate (433·2 per 100 000 [380·6–493·4]) in 2021 and Mississippi having the highest (867·5 per 100 000 [772·6–975·7]). Hawaii had the lowest age-standardised mortality rates throughout the study period, whereas Washington, DC, experienced the most improvement (a 40·7% decline [33·2–47·3]). Only six countries had age-standardised rates of YLDs higher than the USA in 2021: Afghanistan, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, South Africa, and the Central African Republic, largely because the impact of musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, and substance use disorders on age-standardised disability rates in the USA is so large. At the state level, eight US states had higher age-standardised YLD rates than any country in the world: West Virginia, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, Ohio, Tennessee, and Arizona. Low back pain was the leading cause of YLDs in the USA in 1990 and 2021, although the age-standardised rate declined by 7·9% (1·8–13·0) from 1990. Depressive disorders (56·0% increase [48·2–64·3]) and drug use disorders (287·6% [247·9–329·8]) were the second-leading and third-leading causes of age-standardised YLDs in 2021. For females, mental health disorders had the highest age-standardised YLD rate, with an increase of 59·8% (50·6–68·5) between 1990 and 2021. Hawaii had the lowest age-standardised rates of YLDs for all sexes combined (12 085·3 per 100 000 [9090·8–15 557·1]), whereas West Virginia had the highest (14 832·9 per 100 000 [11 226·9–18 882·5]). At the national level, the leading GBD Level 2 risk factors for death for all sexes combined in 2021 were high systolic blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, and tobacco use. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardised mortality rates attributable to high systolic blood pressure decreased by 47·8% (43·4–52·5) and for tobacco use by 5·1% (48·3%–54·1%), but rates increased for high fasting plasma glucose by 9·3% (0·4–18·7). The burden attributable to risk factors varied by age and sex. For example, for ages 15–49 years, the leading risk factors for death were drug use, high alcohol use, and dietary risks. By comparison, for ages 50–69 years, tobacco was the leading risk factor for death, followed by dietary risks and high BMI. Interpretation GBD 2021 provides valuable information for policy makers, health-care professionals, and researchers in the USA at the national and state levels to prioritise interventions, allocate resources effectively, and assess the effects of health policies and programmes. By addressing socioeconomic determinants, risk behaviours, environmental influences, and health disparities among minority populations, the USA can work towards improving health outcomes so that people can live longer and healthier lives.
راعي المشروعResearch reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1152504).
اللغةen
الناشرElsevier
الموضوعGlobal Burden of Diseases
health disparities
mortality and morbidity
disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)
risk factors
العنوانThe burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by state in the USA, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
النوعArticle
الصفحات2314-2340
رقم العدد10469
رقم المجلد404
dc.accessType Full Text


الملفات في هذه التسجيلة

Thumbnail

هذه التسجيلة تظهر في المجموعات التالية

عرض بسيط للتسجيلة