Global, regional and national burden of dietary iron deficiency from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease study.
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| Author | Hasaballah, Ahmed I. |
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| Author | Hasani, Hamidreza |
| Author | Hasnain, Md Saquib |
| Author | Hassan, Ikrama Ibrahim |
| Author | Hassankhani, Hadi |
| Author | Hay, Simon I. |
| Author | Hayat, Khezar |
| Author | Heidari, Golnaz |
| Author | Hemmati, Mehdi |
| Author | Hezam, Kamal |
| Author | Hiraike, Yuta |
| Author | Hoan, Nguyen Quoc |
| Author | Holla, Ramesh |
| Author | Hossain, Md Mahbub |
| Author | Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi |
| Author | Hostiuc, Mihaela |
| Author | Hostiuc, Sorin |
| Author | Huang, Junjie |
| Author | Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes |
| Author | Hussain, Javid |
| Author | Huynh, Hong-Han |
| Author | Hwang, Bing-Fang |
| Author | Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel |
| Author | Ikeda, Nayu |
| Author | Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen |
| Author | Ilic, Irena M. |
| Author | Ilic, Milena D. |
| Author | Immurana, Mustapha |
| Author | Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja |
| Author | Inok, Arit |
| Author | Iqhrammullah, Muhammad |
| Author | Irham, Lalu Muhammad |
| Author | Islam, Md. Rabiul |
| Available date | 2025-05-25T06:32:47Z |
| Publication Date | 2025-04-22 |
| Publication Name | Nature Medicine |
| Identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03624-8 |
| ISSN | 1078-8956 |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/10576/65140 |
| Abstract | Although iron deficiency is well documented, less is known about dietary involvement in symptomatic iron deficiency manifesting in medical conditions. In this study, we quantified the global burden of dietary iron deficiency, focusing on where inadequate dietary iron intake leads to clinical manifestations such as anemia. We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to estimate dietary iron deficiency prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), stratified by age, sex, geography and socio-demographic index (SDI) across 204 countries. In 2021, global age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates were 16,434.4 (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 16,186.2-16,689.0) and 423.7 (285.3-610.8) per 100,000 population, with rates decreasing by 9.8% (8.1-11.3) and 18.2% (15.4-21.1) from 1990 to 2021. A higher burden was observed in female individual (age-standardized prevalence, 21,334.8 (95% UI, 20,984.8-21,697.4); DALYs, 598.0 (402.6-854.4)) than in male individual ((age-standardized prevalence, 11,684.7 (11,374.6-12,008.8); DALYs, 253.0 (167.3-371.0)). High-SDI countries presented greater improvement, with a 25.7% reduction compared to 11.5% in low-SDI countries. Despite global improvements, dietary iron deficiency remains a major health concern with a global prevalence of 16.7%, particularly affecting female individuals, children and residents in low-SDI countries. Urgent interventions through supplementation, food security measures and fortification initiatives are essential. |
| Sponsor | This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and the Queensland Department of Health, Australia. This work was supported by the Yonsei Fellowship, funded by Lee Youn Jae (J.I.S.). This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST), Korea, under the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) support program (IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239 to D.K.Y.), supervised by the Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. All authors had full access to the study data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. |
| Language | en |
| Publisher | Wiley |
| Subject | Iron Deficiency-Dietary Factors Anemia-Epidemiology Global Health - Nutritional Deficiencies Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Socioeconomic Factors - Health Disparities |
| Title | Global, regional and national burden of dietary iron deficiency from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease study. |
| Type | Article |
| ESSN | 1546-170X |
|
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Gautam, Rupesh K.; Gebregergis, Miglas W.W.; Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Gerema, Urge; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Dabaghi, Ghazal Ghasempour; Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Ghuge, Arun Digambarrao; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K.; Gillum, Richard F.; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Golchin, Ali; Goleij, Pouya; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Goyal, Anmol; Goyal, Kashish; Guan, Shi-Yang; Guarducci, Giovanni; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa; Guha, Avirup; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gulisashvili, David; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Guo, Cui; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Indarchand Ratanlal; Gupta, Kartik; Gupta, Mohak; Gupta, Rajat Das; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Renu; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gurmessa, Lami; Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Hadei, Mostafa; Haeri Boroojeni, Helia Sadat; Halimi, Aram; Haller, Sebastian; Halwani, Rabih; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hamdy, Nadia M.; Hamidi, Samer; Han, Chieh; Han, Qiuxia; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hannan, Md. Abdul; Hargono, Arief; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasan, Faizul; Hasan, Ikramul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hashemian, Maryam; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Ikrama; Haubold, Johannes; Havmoeller, Rasmus J.; Hay, Simon I.; Hayat, Khezar; Hbid, Youssef; Hegazi, Omar E.; Hegena, Tadele Yohannes; Heidari, Mohammad; Helfer, Bartosz; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hesami, Hamed; Hessami, Kamran; Heydari, Keyvan; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Md. Belal; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hsairi, Mohamed; Huang, Junjie; Hultström, Michael; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibrahim, Khalid S.; Idowu, Oluwatope Olaniyi; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Immurana, Mustapha; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqhrammullah, Muhammad; Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed; Ismail, Faisal; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; J, Linda Merin; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jaggi, Khushleen; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Akhil; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamora, Roland Dominic G.; Javadi, Nilofer; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jebai, Rime; Jeben, Rebuma Sorsa; Jee, Sun Ha; Jha, Anil K.; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Heng; Jin, Yinzi; Jobanputra, Yash B.; Johnson, Catherine Owens; Jokar, Mohammad; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Abel; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kahe, Farima; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalankesh, Laleh R.; Kalantar, Farnaz; Kalkonde, Yogeshwar; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamath, Sagarika; Kamireddy, Arun; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Kanmanthareddy, Arun R.; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kansal, Sushil Kumar; Kapner, Daniel John; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Karakasis, Paschalis; Karki, Prabin; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassahun, Eskeziaw Abebe; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katoto, Patrick D.M. C.; Kaydi, Neda; Kazemi, Foad; Kazemian, Sina; Kazeminia, Sara; Kerr, Jessica A.; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khadembashiri, Mohamad Mehdi; Khadembashiri, Mohammad Amin; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khalid, Nauman; Khalilian, Alireza; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khan, Asaduzzaman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Junaid; Khan, M Nuruzzaman; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khan, Yusra H.; Khan suheb, Mahammed Ziauddin; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khateri, Sorour; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Kheirallah, Khalid A.; Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Kian, Saeid; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Koren, Gerbrand; Kotnis, Ashwin Laxmikant; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Hare; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha; Kumar, Akshay; Kumar, Ashish; Kumar, Naveen; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, Rahul; Kumsa, Netsanet Bogale; Kunle, Kunle Rotimi; Kusuma, Dian; Kyriopoulos, Ilias; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Laflamme, Lucie; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lahiri, Arista; Ching Lai, Daphne Teck; Lallukka, Tea; Lan, Qing; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O.; Lasrado, Savita; Latief Epidemiology, Kamaluddin; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Lau, Jerrald; Lauriola, Paolo; Le, Khuong; Dao Le, Long Khanh; Hanh Le, Nhi Huu; Thu Le, Thao Thi; Thanh Le, Trang Diep; Bich Le, Trang Thi; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H.; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; LeGrand, Kate E.; Leinsalu, Mall; Leonardi, Matilde; Lerango, Temesgen L.; Li, An; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaopan; Li, Yichong; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S.; Lin, Ro-Ting; Lindstrom, Megan; Linn, Shai; Liu, Gang; Liu, Simin; Liu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Xuefeng; Livingstone, Katherine M.; Llanaj, Erand; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Sci (Med), Cand of; Loreche, Arianna Maever; Lorenzovici, László; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lugo, Alessandra; Ma, Zheng Feei; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Maddison, Ralph; Magaña Gómez, Javier A.; Magne, Julien; Prasad, D. R. Mahadeshwara; Mahalleh, Mehrdad; Mahmoud, Mansour Adam; Mahmoudi, Elham; Mahmoudvand, Behnaz; Makram, Omar Mohamed; Rad, Elaheh Malakan; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Iram; Ahmed Malik, Muhammad Sajeel; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manilal, Aseer; Manla, Yosef; Mansoori, Yasaman; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansouri, Pejman; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Marino, Mirko; Martini, Daniela; Martini, Santi; Maryam, Sharmeen; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Masoudi, Alireza; Masoudi, Sahar; Matei, Clara N.; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathews, Elezebeth; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mattumpuram, Jishanth; Maude, Richard James; Maugeri, Andrea; Mayeli, Mahsa; Mazidi, Mohsen; McGrath, John J.; McPhail, Steven M.; Mechili, Enkeleint A.; Carabeo Medina, John Robert; Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran; Mendez Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mengist, Belayneh; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Meresa, Haftu Asmerom; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Dinushi Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila; Mettananda, Sachith; Mhlanga, Laurette; Mi, Tianyue; Jonasson, Junmei Miao; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Miller, Ted R.; Nhat Minh, Le Huu; Minja, Neema W.; Mohammad Sadeghi, Pouya Mir; Mirdamadi, Niloofar; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirza, Moonis; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Mithra, Prasanna; Moghimi, Zahra; Mohamed, Jama; Mohamed, Mouhand F.H.; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadi, Soheil; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Mustapha; Mohammed, Salahuddin; Mohammed, Shafiu; Moka, Nagabhishek; Mokdad, Ali H.; Vardanjani, Hossein Molavi; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Montazeri, Fateme; Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moodi; Moradi, Yousef; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morze, Jakub; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mostofinejad, Amirmahdi; Mougin, Vincent; Mousavi, Parsa; Mousavi, Seyed Ehsan; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Msherghi, Ahmed; Muccioli, Lorenzo; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mukherjee, Sumoni; Munjal, Kavita; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthu, Sathish; Mwita, Julius C.; Myung, Woojae; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad; Naik, Ganesh R.; Naik, Gurudatta; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Najafi, Mohammad Sadeq; Ansari, Noureddin Nakhostin; Nangia, Vinay; Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha; Nargus, Shumaila; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Nascimento, Gustavo G.; Nasoori, Hadis; Natto, Zuhair S.; Nauman, Javaid; Naveed, Muhammad; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nayak, Vinod C.; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Shahrokh Abadi, Reza Nejad; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nejjari, Chakib; Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi; Nepal, Samata; Ng, Nawi; Nguyen, Dang H.; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nijjar, Shawn S.; Nizam, Muhammad A.; Noman, Efaq Ali; Nomura, Shuhei; Noreen, Mamoona; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Nurrika, Dieta; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Obamiro, Kehinde O.; O'Donnell, Martin James; Oghenetega, Onome Bright; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Oguta, James Odhiambo; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okidi, Lawrence; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Okwute, Patrick Godwin; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun; Olana, Matifan Dereje; Olatubi, Matthew Idowu; Moraes Oliveira, Gláucia Maria; Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Oluwafemi, Yinka Doris; Oluwatunase, Gideon Olamilekan; Omer, Goran Latif; Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Ong, Sokking; Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna; Ordak, Michal; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Osman, Wael M.S.; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Otoiu, Adrian; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Padukudru P A, Mahesh; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Varnosfaderani, Mahsa Pahlavikhah; Palicz, Tamás; Palladino, Raffaele; Pan, Feng; Pan, Hai-Feng; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.; Papadopoulou, Paraskevi; Park, Seoyeon; Passera, Roberto; Patel, Jay; Patil, Shankargouda; Patoulias, Dimitrios; Patthipati, Venkata Suresh; Pawar, Shrikant; Peden, Amy E.; Pedersini, Paolo; Peng, Minjin; Filipino Pepito, Veincent Christian; Peprah, Emmanuel K.; Pereira, Marcos; Pereira, Maria Odete; Peres, Mario F.P.; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Perico, Norberto; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Pham, Hoang Tran; Philip, Anil K.; Pigott, David M.; Pilgrim, Thomas; Piradov, Michael A.; Plotnikov, Evgenii; Poddighe, Dimitri; Polibin, Roman V.; Poluru, Ramesh; Pourali, Ghazaleh; Pourshams, Akram; Singh Pradhan, Pranil Man; Prasad, Manya; Sady Prates, Elton Junio; Purohit, Bharathi M.; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qian, Gangzhen; Qureshi, Maryam Faiz; Rabiee rad, Mehrdad; Radfar, Amir; Rafiei Alavi, Seyedeh Niloufar; Rafique, Ibrar; Raggi, Alberto; Rahim, Fakher; Rahim, Md Jillur; Rahimi, Mehran; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmani, Bita; Rahmani, Shayan; Rahmanian, Vahid; Rai, Pramila; Rajaa, Sathish; Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali; Rajput, Prashant; Ram, Pradhum; Ram, Prasanna; Ramalingam, Sudha; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramazanu, Sheena; Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi; Rana, Juwel; Rana, Kritika; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rancic, Nemanja; Rane, Amey; Ranjan, Shubham; Ranta, Annemarei; Rao, Indu Ramachandra; Rao, Mithun; Rao, Sowmya J.; Rashedi, Sina; Rashedi, Vahid; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rasul, Azad; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah; Ravikumar, Nakul; Rawaf, Salman; Razeghian-Jahromi, Iman; Razo, Christian; Rama Krishna Reddy, Murali Mohan; Mohamed Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Reyes, Luis Felipe; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Ribeiro, Daniela; Rikhtegar, Reza; Roever, Leonardo; Romadlon, Debby Syahru; Ronfani, Luca; Sekhar Rout, Himanshu Sehar; Roy, Nitai; Roy, Priyanka; Rynkiewicz, Andrzej; Saad, Aly M.A.; Saadatian, Zahra; Sabour, Siamak; Sacco, Simona; Sachdeva, Rajesh; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Saeed, Umar; Safaeinejad, Fahimeh; Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb; Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Sajedi, Seyed Aidin; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Salam, Nasir; Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa; Saleh, Mohamed A.; Salehi, Sana; Salem, Marwa Rashad; Salem, Mohammed Z.Y.; Samadzadeh, Sara; Samargandy, Saad; Samuel, Vijaya Paul; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanjeev, Rama Krishna; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Nadeem Saqib, Muhammad Arif; Sarasmita, Made Ary; Saravanan, Aswini; Sarikhani, Yaser; Sarkar, Tanmay; Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo; Sarode, Gargi Sachin; Sarode, Sachin C.; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Sathyanarayan, Anudeep; Sawhney, Monika; Sayyah, Mehdi; Scarmeas, Nikolaos; Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael; Schuermans, Art; Schumacher, Austin E.; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schwebel, David C.; Sedighi, Mansour; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Semnani, Farbod; Senapati, Sabyasachi; Sengupta, Pallav; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sethi, Yashendra; Seyedi, Seyed Arsalan; Seylani, Allen; Shabany, Maryam; Shafeghat, Melika; Shafie, Mahan; Shah, Pritik A.; Shahbandi, Ataollah; Shahid, Izza; Shahid, Samiah; Shahid, Wajeehah; Shahwan, Moyad Jamal; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sham, Sunder; Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Shanawaz, Mohd; Sharfaei, Sadaf; Sharifan, Amin; Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Sharma, Purva; Sharma, Saurab; Sharma, Ujjawal; Sharma, Vishal; Sheikh, Aziz; Shiferaw, Desalegn Shiferaw; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Min-Jeong; Shiri, Rahman; Shishani, Kawkab; Shittu, Aminu; Shiue, Ivy; Shivakumar, K.M.; Shrestha, Sunil; Shuval, Kerem; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Simpson, Colin R.; Singh, Abhinav; Singh, Aditya; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Rajat; Singh, Surjit; Siraj, Md Shahjahan; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Sleet, David A.; Soleimani, Hamidreza; Solikhah, Solikhah; Soliman, Sameh S.M.; Son, Juyeon; Song, Suhang; Song, Yi; Soriano, Joan B.; Spartalis, Michael; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Stafford, Lauryn K.; Stark, Benjamin A.; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Stortecky, Stefan; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Sultana, Abida; Sundström, Johan; Swain, Chandan Kumar; Damavandi, Payam Tabaee; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Malazy, Ozra Tabatabaei; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabatabai, Shima; Tabb, Karen M.; Tabish, Mohammad; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadese, Fentaw; Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri; Taiba, Jabeen; Talaat, Iman M.; Tampa, Mircea; Lukenze Tamuzi, Jacques J.L.; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tang, Haosu; Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang; Tat, Nathan Y.; Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad; Tehrani, Hadi; Teimoori, Mojtaba; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Hani Temsah, Reem Mohamad; Teramoto, Masayuki; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapa, Rajshree; Thapar, Rekha; Thavamani, Aravind; Thayakaran, Rasiah; Thomas, Nikhil Kenny; Tian, Jing; Tichopad, Ales; Tillawi, Tala; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, Jasmine T.; Tran, Nghia Minh; Van Tran, Phu; Trihandini, Indang; Tripathi, Avnish; Tromans, Samuel Joseph; Truong, Vien T.; Tri Tai Truyen, Thien Tan; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom; Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini; Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya; Tung, Kang; Ubah, Chukwudi S.; Udoakang, Aniefiok John; Udoh, Arit; Ullah, Atta; Ullah, Sana; Umair, Muhammad; Umar, Tungki Pratama; Unim, Brigid; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Upadhyay, Era; Usman, Jibrin Sammani; Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Valizadeh, Rohollah; Van den Eynde, Jef; Varga, Orsolya; Varma, Siddhartha Alluri; Vart, Priya; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Vervoort, Dominique; Villafañe, Jorge Hugo; Violante, Francesco S.; Viskadourou, Maria; Volovat, Simona Ruxandra; Vos, Theo; Vujcic, Isidora S.; Wafa, Hatem A.; Wahab, Feras; Wang, Cong; Wang, Fang; Wang, Nelson; Wang, Shu; Wang, Yanzhong; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wei, Melissa Y.; Werdecker, Andrea; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wilandika, Angga; Wilson, Shadrach; Wolfe, Charles D.A.; Wongsin, Utoomporn; Wu, Zenghong; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yadav, Lalit; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaribeygi, Habib; Yasufuku, Yuichi; Nia, Iman Yazdani; Ye, Pengpeng; Yesuf, Subah Abderehim; Yezli, Saber; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yperzeele, Laetitia; Yu, Chuanhua; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zafari, Nima; Tajrishi, Farbod Zahedi; Zakham, Fathiah; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeineddine, Mohammad A.; Zemedikun, Dawit T.; Zeng, Youjie; Zhai, Chunxia; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Hongwei; Zhang, Liqun; Zhang, Ning; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhao, Hanqing; Zheng, Peng; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhou, Shuduo; Zhu, Bin; Zhu, Lei; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zikarg, Yossef Teshome; Zmaili, Mohammad; Zoeckler, Leo Zucker; Zou, Zhiyong; Zumla, Alimuddin; Zweck, Elric; Zyoud, Samer H.; Fuster, Valentin; Murray, Christopher J.L.; Roth, Gregory A.... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2023 , Other)The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is a multinational collaborative research study with >10,000 collaborators around the world. GBD generates a time series of summary measures of health, ... -
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Michael, Brauer; Roth, Gregory A; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Zheng, Peng; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh; Abbasi, Madineh Akram; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Abbasifard, Mitra; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdi, Parsa; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abebe, Mesfin; Abedi, Aidin; Abedi, Armita; Abegaz, Tadesse M; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Abiodun, Olumide; Abiso, Temesgen Lera; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abouzid, Mohamed; Aboye, Girma Beressa; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Abualruz, Hasan; Abubakar, Bilyaminu; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abukhadijah, Hana Jihad Jihad; Aburuz, Salahdein; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Adane, Mesafint Molla; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Addolorato, Giovanni; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Aden, Bashir; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther; Adha, Rishan; Adibi, Amin; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adzigbli, Leticia Akua; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afolabi, Rotimi Felix; Afshin, Ashkan; Afyouni, Shadi; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Afzal, Saira; Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika; Agbozo, Faith; Aghamiri, Shahin; Agodi, Antonella; Agrawal, Anurag; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Firdos; Ahmad, Noah; Ahmad, Shahzaib; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Safoora; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse; Akara, Essona Matatom; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akhlaghi, Shiva; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Akkala, Sreelatha; Akombi-Inyang, Blessing; Al Awaidy, Salah; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Alahdab, Fares; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Alalalmeh, Samer O; Alalwan, Tariq A; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Nazmul; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M; Albakri, Almaza; AlBataineh, Mohammad T; Aldhaleei, Wafa A; Aldridge, Robert W; Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa; Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta; Al-Fatly, Bassam; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Al-Habbal, Khairat; Alhabib, Khalid F; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Abid; Ali, Amjad; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Iman; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Ali, Waad; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alla, François; Al-Marwani, Sabah; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Almustanyir, Sami; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Alonso, Jordi; Alqahtani, Jaber S; Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M; Alrawashdeh, Ahmad; Al-Rifai, Rami Hani; Alrousan, Sahel Majed; Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah; Alshahrani, Najim Z; Altaany, Zaid; Altaf, Awais; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Aluh, Deborah Oyine; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J; Alwafi, Hassan; Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Aly, Safwat; Alzoubi, Karem H; Al-Zyoud, Walid; Amaechi, Uchenna Anderson; Aman Mohammadi, Masous; Amani, Reza; Amiri, Sohrab; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein; Ammirati, Enrico; Amu, Hubert; Amugsi, Dickson A; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; Anderson, Jason A; Andrade, Pedro Prata; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Anenberg, Susan C; Angappan, Dhanalakshmi; Angus, Colin; Anil, Abhishek; Anil, Sneha; Anjum, Afifa; Anoushiravani, Amir; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo; Antony, Catherine M; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen; Anvari, Davood; Anvari, Saeid; Anwar, Saleha; Anwar, Sumadi Lukman; Anwer, Razique; Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace; Arabloo, Jalal; Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman; Arafat, Mosab; Areda, Demelash; Aregawi, Brhane Berhe; Aremu, Abdulfatai; Armocida, Benedetta; Arndt, Michael Benjamin; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arooj, Mahwish; Artamonov, Anton A; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Aruleba, Idowu Thomas; Arumugam, Ashokan; Asbeutah, Akram M; Asgary, Saeed; Asgedom, Akeza Awealom; Ashbaugh, Charlie; Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse; Ashraf, Tahira; Askarinejad, Amir; Assmus, Michael; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athar, Mohammad; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atorkey, Prince; Atreya, Alok; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Awoke, Andargie Abate; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayatollahi, Haleh; Ayestas Portugal, Carlos; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azevedo, Rui M S; Azhar, Gulrez Shah; Azizi, Hosein; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Backhaus, Insa Linnea; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Bagga, Arvind; Baghdadi, Soroush; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L; Bakkannavar, Shankar M; Balasubramanian, Madhan; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Bam, Kiran; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Banik, Biswajit; Banik, Palash Chandra; Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi; Bansal, Hansi; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Bardideh, Erfan; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barrero, Lope H; Barrow, Amadou; Barteit, Sandra; Basharat, Zarrin; Basiru, Afisu; Basso, João Diogo; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Basu, Sanjay; Batchu, Sai; Batra, Kavita; Batra, Ravi; Baune, Bernhard T; Bayati, Mohsen; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Beaney, Thomas; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Beiranvand, Maryam; Béjot, Yannick; Bekele, Alehegn; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bell, Arielle Wilder; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Muhammad Bashir; Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja; Belo, Luis; Beloukas, Apostolos; Bendak, Salaheddine; Bennett, Derrick A; Bennitt, Fiona B; Bensenor, Isabela M; Benzian, Habib; Beran, Azizullah; Berezvai, Zombor; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S; Bettencourt, Paulo J G; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Bhat, Vivek; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bhatti, Manpreet S; Bhatti, Rajbir; Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bikbov, Boris; Bishai, Jessica Devin; Bisignano, Catherine; Biswas, Atanu; Biswas, Bijit; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bjørge, Tone; Boachie, Micheal Kofi; Boakye, Hosea; Bockarie, Moses John; Bodolica, Virginia; Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan; Bogale, Eyob Ketema; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao; Boloor, Archith; Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad; Boppana, Sri Harsha; Bora Basara, Berrak; Borhany, Hamed; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Bouaoud, Souad; Boufous, Soufiane; Bourne, Rupert; Boxe, Christopher; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brant, Luisa C; Brar, Amanpreet; Breitborde, Nicholas J K; Breitner, Susanne; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Britton, Gabrielle; Brown, Colin Stewart; Browne, Annie J; Brunoni, Andre R; Bryazka, Dana; Bulamu, Norma B; Bulto, Lemma N; Buonsenso, Danilo; Burkart, Katrin; Burns, Richard A; Busse, Reinhard; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Butt, Zahid A; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Cagney, Jack; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Calina, Daniela; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Cao, Chao; Cao, Fan; Cao, Yubin; Capodici, Angelo; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carr, Sinclair; Carreras, Giulia; Carrero, Juan J; Carugno, Andrea; Carvalho, Felix; Carvalho, Márcia; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Castelpietra, Giulio; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Catapano, Alberico L; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Caye, Arthur; Cederroth, Christopher R; Cegolon, Luca; Cenderadewi, Muthia; Cercy, Kelly M; Cerin, Ester; Chadwick, Joshua; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chan, Raymond N C; Chandan, Joht Singh; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Catherine S; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Meng Xuan; Chen, Mingling; Chen, Simiao; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cheng, Esther T W; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Ching, Patrick R; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Cho, William C S; Chong, Bryan; Chopra, Hitesh; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eric; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Chutiyami, Muhammad; Cioffi, Iolanda; Cogen, Rebecca M; Cohen, Aaron J; Columbus, Alyssa; Conde, Joao; Corlateanu, Alexandru; Cortese, Samuele; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Costanzo, Simona; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz, Jessica A; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Culbreth, Garland T; da Silva, Alanna Gomes; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dai, Zhaoli; Daikwo, Patience Unekwuojo; Dalli, Lachlan L; Damiani, Giovanni; D'Amico, Emanuele; D'Anna, Lucio; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Das, Jai K; Das, Subasish; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dashti, Mohsen; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davis Weaver, Nicole; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro; De Leo, Diego; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Degenhardt, Louisa; Del Bo', Cristian; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria; Demoze, Chalachew Kassaw; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Dervišević, Emina; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desai, Rupak; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dhali, Arkadeep; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhane, Amol S; Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dhingra, Sameer; Dhulipala, Vishal R; Dhungana, Raja Ram; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Diaz, Luis Antonio; Diaz, Michael J; Dima, Adriana; Ding, Delaney D; Dinu, Monica; Djalalinia, Shirin; Do, Thanh Chi; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; do Prado, Camila Bruneli; Dodangeh, Masoud; Dohare, Sushil; Dokova, Klara Georgieva; Dong, Wanyue; Dongarwar, Deepa; D'Oria, Mario; Dorostkar, Fariba; Dorsey, E Ray; Doshi, Rajkumar; Doshmangir, Leila; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dumith, Samuel C; Duncan, Bruce B; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Dushpanova, Anar; Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Ebrahimi, Alireza; Echieh, Chidiebere Peter; Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Edvardsson, David; Edvardsson, Kristina; Efendi, Ferry; Eftekharimehrabad, Aziz; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; El Arab, Rabie Adel; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; El-Dahiyat, Faris; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; Elgar, Frank J; ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elmehrath, Ahmed O; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elshaer, Mohammed; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Emeto, Theophilus I; Esfandiari, Negin; Eshrati, Babak; Eslami, Majid; Esmaeili, Sayed Vahid; Estep, Kara; Etaee, Farshid; Fabin, Natalia; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fagbule, Omotayo Francis; Fahimi, Saman; Falzone, Luca; Fareed, Mohammad; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Faris, Pawan Sirwan; Faro, Andre; Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Fazylov, Timur; Feigin, Valery L; Feng, Xiaoqi; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Feroze, Abdullah Hamid; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferrari, Alize J; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Feyisa, Bikila Regassa; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Fitriana, Ida; Flavel, Joanne; Flohr, Carsten; Flood, David; Flor, Luisa S; Foigt, Nataliya A; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Force, Lisa M; Fortuna, Daniela; Foschi, Matteo; Franklin, Richard Charles; Freitas, Alberto; Friedman, Sara D; Fux, Blima; G, Sridevi; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gaihre, Santosh; Gajdács, Márió; Galali, Yaseen; Gallus, Silvano; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat; Garcia, Vanessa; Gardner, William M; Garg, Ravindra K; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gebi, Tilaye Gebru; Gebregergis, Miglas W; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremariam, Tesfay B B; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Gerema, Urge; Getacher, Lemma; Getahun, Genanew K a; Getie, Molla; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghafarian, Sadegh; Ghaffari Jolfayi, Amir; Ghailan, Khalid Yaser; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal; Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh; Ghassemi, Fariba; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Gholami, Ali; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Gholizadeh, Nasim; Ghorbani, Mahsa; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Gil, Gabriela Fernanda; Gilbertson, Nora M; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K; Gindaba, Ebisa Zerihun; Girmay, Alem; Glasbey, James C; Gnedovskaya, Elena V; 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Hulland, Erin N; Hultström, Michael; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hussain, Javid; Hussein, Nawfal R; Huynh, Chantal K; Huynh, Hong-Han; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Idowu, Oluwatope Olaniyi; Ihler, Audrey L; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikuta, Kevin S; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Imam, Mohammad Tarique; Immurana, Mustapha; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Isa, Mustafa Alhaji; Islam, Md Rabiul; Ismail, Faisal; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie C D; Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana; J, Vinothini; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacob, Louis; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Akhil; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jaiswal, Abhishek; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Reza; Jamora, Roland Dominic G; Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim; Javadov, Sabzali; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayaram, Shubha; Jeganathan, Jayakumar; Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh; Jiang, Heng; Johnson, Catherine O; Jokar, Mohammad; Jomehzadeh, Nabi; Jonas, Jost B; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Abel; Joseph, Nitin; Joshi, Vivek; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kahn, Ethan M; Kalani, Rizwan; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamath, Rajesh; Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kansal, Sushil Kumar; Kapner, Daniel John; Kapoor, Neeti; Karagiannidis, Efstratios; Karajizadeh, Mehrdad; Karakasis, Paschalis; Karanth, Shama D; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karch, André; Karim, Asima; Karimi, Hanie; Karmakar, Shilpi; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassahun, Woldeteklehaymanot Dagne; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kassel, Molly B; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kawakami, Norito; Kaydi, Neda; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi, Foad; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemmer, Laura; Kempen, John H; Kerr, Jessica A; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khalil, Mariam; Khalilian, Alireza; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, Asaduzzaman; Khan, M Nuruzzaman; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Khan, Moien AB; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khavandegar, Armin; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Khodadoust, Elaheh; Khormali, Moein; Khorrami, Zahra; Khosla, Atulya Aman; Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood; Khreis, Haneen; Khusun, Helda; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Kwanghyun; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Knibbs, Luke D; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Koh, David S Q; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Kong, Jianqiu; Koren, Gerbrand; Korja, Miikka; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Korzh, Oleksii; Kosen, Soewarta; Kothari, Nikhil; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; 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Zandieh, Ghazal G Z; Zanghì, Aurora; Zar, Heather J; Zare, Iman; Zarimeidani, Fatemeh; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeng, Youjie; Zhai, Chunxia; Zhang, Anthony Lin; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Liqun; Zhang, Meixin; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhenyu; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhao, Jeff T; Zhao, Xiu-Ju George; Zhao, Yang; Zhao, Yong; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhou, Jingjing; Zhou, Juexiao; Zhou, Shangcheng; Zhu, Bin; Zhu, Lei; Zhu, Zhaohua; Ziaeian, Boback; Ziafati, Makan; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zimsen, Stephanie R M; Zoghi, Ghazal; Zoller, Thomas; Zumla, Alimuddin; Zyoud, Sa'ed H; Zyoud, Samer H; Murray, Christopher J L; Gakidou, Emmanuela... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier Ltd. , 2024 , Article)Background: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to ... -
Forecasting the effects of smoking prevalence scenarios on years of life lost and life expectancy from 2022 to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Dana, Bryazka; Reitsma, Marissa B; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H A; Abdelkader, Atef; Abdollahi, Arash; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Abhilash, E S; Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola; Abiodun, Olumide; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Abtahi, Dariush; Abualruz, Hasan; Abubakar, Bilyaminu; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Aburuz, Salahdein; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Adane, Mesafint Molla; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Adegboye, Oyelola A; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adzigbli, Leticia Akua; Afaghi, Siamak; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Afzal, Saira; Agodi, Antonella; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahlstrom, Austin J; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Muayyad M; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Shahzaib; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Safoora; Ajami, Marjan; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Akter, Ema; Al Awaidy, Salah; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Zufishan; Aldhaleei, Wafa A; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alhabib, Khalid F; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji; Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled; Ali, Abid; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Syed Shujait; Ali, Waad; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alla, François; Allebeck, Peter; Almahmeed, Wael; Al-Marwani, Sabah; Al-Maweri, Sadeq; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Alqahtani, Jaber S; Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M Mohammad; Alrousan, Sahel Majed; Alsakarneh, Saqr; Alshahrani, Najim Z; Altaany, Zaid; Altaf, Awais; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Al-Wardat, Mohammad; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Aly, Safwat; Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim; Alzoubi, Karem H; Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan; Amani, Reza; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amiri, Sohrab; Amu, Hubert; Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Anand, Tanu; Anderlini, Deanna; Anderson, David B; Anderson, Jason A; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Ansari, Mohammed Tahir; Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola; Anvari, Saeid; Anwar, Sumadi Lukman; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Arafa, Elshaimaa A; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Areda, Demelash; Aregawi, Brhane Berhe; Aremu, Olatunde; Artamonov, Anton A; Asgedom, Akeza Awealom; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse; Ashraf, Tahira; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atorkey, Prince; Atreya, Alok; Aujayeb, Avinash; Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu; Ayano, Getinet; Aychiluhm, Setognal Birara; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah; Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah; Bahramian, Saeed; Bai, Ruhai; Bakkannavar, Shankar M; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Bam, Kiran; Banach, Maciej; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barrow, Amadou; Bashiru, Hameed Akande; Basiru, Afisu; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Basu, Sanjay; Basu, Saurav; Batra, Kavita; Bayati, Mohsen; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Bell, Shelly L; Belo, Luis; Beneke, Alice A; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Beran, Azizullah; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C; Beyene, Habtamu B; Bhagat, Devidas S; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Bhattacharjee, Natalia V; Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bilgin, Cem; Biswas, Atanu; Biswas, Bijit; Boachie, Micheal Kofi; Bogale, Eyob Ketema; Bora Basara, Berrak; Borhany, Hamed; Bosoka, Samuel Adolf; Bouaoud, Souad; Boyko, Edward J; Brenner, Hermann; Brunoni, Andre R; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Bulamu, Norma B; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Zahid A; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Calina, Daniela; Cao, Chao; Cao, Fan; Capodici, Angelo; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cenko, Edina; Cerrai, Sonia; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad; Chaurasia, Akhilanand; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Guangjin; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Meng Xuan; Chen, Simiao; Cheng, Kent Jason Go; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Chong, Bryan; Chong, Chean Lin; Chong, Yuen Yu; Chopra, Hitesh; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Chutiyami, Muhammad; Conde, Joao; Corlateanu, Alexandru; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; da Silva, Alanna Gomes; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Siyu; Dai, Xiaochen; Damiani, Giovanni; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darcho, Samuel D; Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza; Das, Saswati; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Davletov, Kairat; Debele, Aklilu Tamire; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Demant, Daniel; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Devegowda, Devananda; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dhali, Arkadeep; Dhane, Amol S; Dhulipala, Vishal R; Do, Thanh Chi; Dodangeh, Milad; Doegah, Phidelia Theresa; Dohare, Sushil; Dongarwar, Deepa; D'Oria, Mario; Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai; Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dsouza, Viola Savy; Duncan, Bruce B; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; E'mar, Abdel Rahman; Ebrahimi, Alireza; Ebrahimi, Negar; Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad; Edvardsson, David; Edvardsson, Kristina; Efendi, Ferry; Effendi, Diyan Ermawan; Eghbali, Foolad; Ekholuenetale, Michael; El Arab, Rabie Adel; El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat; El Sayed, Iman; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Huneidi, Waseem; Elmonem, Mohamed A; ELNahas, Gihan; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Eltaha, Chadi; Eltahir, Mohd Elmagzoub; Emamverdi, Mehdi; Emeto, Theophilus I; Erku, Daniel Asfaw; Etaee, Farshid; Ezenwankwo, Elochukwu Fortune; Fabin, Natalia; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fagbule, Omotayo Francis; Faghani, Shahriar; Fahim, Ayesha; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Falzone, Luca; Farooque, Umar; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fatima, Zareen; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Fazylov, Timur; Feizkhah, Alireza; Fekadu, Ginenus; Feng, Xiaoqi; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferreira, Nuno; Feyisa, Bikila Regassa; Filippidis, Filippos T; Fischer, Florian; Flor, Luisa S; Foigt, Nataliya A; Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia; Foschi, Matteo; G, Sridevi; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gajdács, Márió; Gallus, Silvano; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Gautam, Prem; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gebregergis, Miglas Welay; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Getacher, Lemma; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghorbani, Mahsa; Ghozy, Sherief; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Gil, Gabriela Fernanda; Gnedovskaya, Elena V; Goel, Sonu; Goharinezhad, Salime; Goldust, Mohamad; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Gorini, Giuseppe; Gouravani, Mahdi; Grada, Ayman; Grivna, Michal; Grover, Shekhar; Guan, Shi-Yang; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Guha, Avirup; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gulati, Snigdha; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Gunturu, Sasidhar; Guo, Zhifeng; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Ishita; Gupta, Mohak; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vipin; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Hadei, Mostafa; Hadi, Najah R; Hajj Ali, Ali; Halboub, Esam S; Hamdy, Nadia M; Hamidi, Samer; Hammoud, Ahmad; Hankey, Graeme J; Hargono, Arief; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Faizul; Hasan, Md Kamrul; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Ikrama Ibrahim; Hassan, Shoaib; Hay, Simon I; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Mohammad; Hemmati, Mehdi; Hendrie, Delia; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Holla, Ramesh; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Sahadat; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Huang, Junjie; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Javid; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikiroma, Adalia; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqhrammullah, Muhammad; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Islam, Md Rabiul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Isola, Gaetano; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Iwagami, Masao; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; J, Vinothini; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jaggi, Khushleen; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Akhil; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jaka, Sanobar; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Reza; Jamshidi, Elham; Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar; Jawaid, Talha; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda; Jebai, Rime; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh; Jiang, Heng; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; K, Vaishali; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kamarajah, Sivesh Kathir; Kanaan, Mona; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kant, Surya; Kantar, Rami S; Karakasis, Paschalis; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Karimi, Yeganeh; Karimi Behnagh, Arman; Karkhah, Samad; Karki, Prabin; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaur, Harkiran; 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Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Larijani, Bagher; Lasrado, Savita; Lau, Jerrald; Lauriola, Paolo; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Leasher, Janet L; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Leong, Elvynna; Lerango, Temesgen Leka; Li, An; Li, Wei; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Stephen S; Lin, Jialing; Lindstedt, Paulina A; Liu, Gang; Llanaj, Erand; López-Gil, José Francisco; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lugo, Alessandra; Lusk, Jay B; M Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim; Ma, Zheng Feei; Machoy, Monika; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Mahmoudi, Elham; Makram, Abdelrahman M; Makram, Omar M; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A; Mansouri, Pejman; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Manu, Emmanuel; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Martinez-Raga, Jose; Martorell, Miquel; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathews, Elezebeth; Mathur, Medha; Mathur, Navgeet; Mattiello, Rita; Maugeri, Andrea; McKee, Martin; Mechili, Enkeleint A; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mekene Meto, Tesfahun; Mekonnen, Birye Dessalegn; Meles, Hadush Negash; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Meyers, Caine C A; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Miller, Ted R; Minervini, Giuseppe; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mishra, Vinaytosh; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail; Mohamed, Jama; Mohamed, Mouhand F H; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammad, Ameen Mosa; Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh; Mohammadzadeh, Ibrahim; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Syam; Mokdad, Ali H; Molavi Vardanjani, Hossein; Molinaro, Sabrina; Momani, Shaher; Mondal, Himel; Mons, Ute; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Moradi, Maryam; Moreira, Rafael Silveira; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mougin, Vincent; Mukoro, George Duke; Mulita, Francesk; Mullany, Erin C; Muniyandi, Malaisamy; Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham; Murillo-Zamora, Efren; Murray, Christopher J L; Myung, Woojae; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naik, Ganesh R; Najdaghi, Soroush; Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid; 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Singh, Baljinder; Singh, Harmanjit; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Puneetpal; Singh, Surjit; Singh, Virendra; Sitas, Freddy; Smith, Amanda E; Soboka, Matiwos; Solanki, Ranjan; Solmi, Marco; Soraneh, Soroush; Soriano, Joan B; Soyiri, Ireneous N; Spartalis, Michael; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Stachteas, Panagiotis; Stein, Dan J; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Stevanović, Aleksandar; Straif, Kurt; Suleman, Muhammad; Sulo, Gerhard; Sun, Zhong; Suresh, Vinay; Swain, Chandan Kumar; Szarpak, Lukasz; T Y, Sree Sudha; Tabaee Damavandi, Payam; Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabche, Celine; Tadakamadla, Jyothi; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Taiba, Jabeen; Talaat, Iman M; Talukder, Ashis; Tampa, Mircea; Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze JL; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tareke, Minale; Tarigan, Ingan Ukur; Teimoori, Mojtaba; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani; Teramoto, Masayuki; Terefa, Dufera Rikitu; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapar, Rekha; Thayakaran, Rasiah; Thomas, Nikhil Kenny; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiwari, Krishna; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Trabelsi, Khaled; Tran, An Thien; Tran, Ngoc Ha; Tran, Thang Huu; Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen; Trihandini, Indang; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai; Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Udoakang, Aniefiok John; Udoh, Arit; Ullah, Atta; Ullah, Saeed; Umair, Muhammad; Unim, Brigid; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Usman, Jibrin Sammani; Vahdati, Sanaz; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Van den Eynde, Jef; Vardavas, Constantine; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vaziri, Siavash; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Verma, Madhur; Villeneuve, Paul J; Vinayak, Manish; Violante, Francesco S; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Volovat, Simona Ruxandra; Wadood, Abdul; Waheed, Yasir; Walde, Mandaras Tariku; Wang, Shu; Wang, Yanzhong; Waqas, Muhammad; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Willeit, Peter; Wojewodzic, Marcin W; Wolde, Asrat Arja; Wonde, Tewodros Eshete; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Yadav, Mukesh Kumar; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yang, Danting; Yang, Lin; Yano, Yuichiro; Yarahmadi, Amir; Yesodharan, Renjulal; Yezli, Saber; Yi, Xinglin; Yiğit, Arzu; Yin, Dehui; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yu, Chuanhua; Yuan, Chun-Wei; Zakham, Fathiah; Zeariya, Mohammed G M; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Jianrong; Zhang, Liqun; Zhong, Claire Chenwen; Zhou, Shang Cheng; Zhu, Bin; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zoghi, Ghazal; Zyoud, Sa'ed H; Vollset, Stein Emil; Gakidou, Emmanuela... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)BackgroundSmoking is the leading behavioural risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for more than 175 million deaths and nearly 4·30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2021. The pace of decline in smoking ...