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AuthorDoi, Suhail A
AuthorIslam, Nazmul
AuthorSulaiman, Kadhim
AuthorAlsheikh-Ali, Alawi A
AuthorSingh, Rajvir
AuthorAl-Qahtani, Awad
AuthorAsaad, Nidal
AuthorAlHabib, Khalid F
AuthorAl-Zakwani, Ibrahim
AuthorAl-Jarallah, Mohammed
AuthorAlMahmeed, Wael
AuthorBulbanat, Bassam
AuthorBazargani, Nooshin
AuthorAmin, Haitham
AuthorAl-Motarreb, Ahmed
AuthorAlFaleh, Husam
AuthorPanduranga, Prashanth
AuthorShehab, Abdulla
AuthorAl Suwaidi, Jassim
AuthorSalam, Amar M
Available date2019-12-15T06:42:11Z
Publication Date2019-12-01
Publication NameJournal of the American Heart Association JAHA
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.013056
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/12400
AbstractBackground Smoker's paradox has been observed with several vascular disorders, yet there are limited data in patients with acute heart failure (HF). We examined the effects of smoking in patients with acute HF using data from a large multicenter registry. The objective was to determine if the design and analytic approach could explain the smoker's paradox in acute HF mortality. Methods and Results The data were sourced from the acute HF registry (Gulf CARE [Gulf Acute Heart Failure Registry]), a multicenter registry that recruited patients over 10 months admitted with a diagnosis of acute HF from 47 hospitals in 7 Middle Eastern countries. The association between smoking and mortality (in hospital) was examined using covariate adjustment, making use of mortality risk factors. A parallel analysis was performed using covariate balancing through propensity scores. Of 5005 patients hospitalized with acute HF, 1103 (22%) were current smokers. The in-hospital mortality rates were significantly lower in current smoker's before (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.96) and more so after (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31-0.70) covariate adjustment. With the propensity score-derived covariate balance, the smoking effect became much less certain (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.36-1.11). Conclusions The current study illustrates the fact that the smoker's paradox is likely to be a result of residual confounding as covariate adjustment may not resolve this if there are many competing prognostic confounders. In this situation, propensity score methods for covariate balancing seem preferable. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT01467973.
SponsorGulf CARE (Gulf Acute Heart Failure Registry) is an investigator- initiated study conducted under the auspices of the Gulf Heart Association and funded by Servier, Paris, France; and (for centers in Saudi Arabia), by the Saudi Heart Association (The Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [research group number: RG -1436- 013]). This does not alter our adherence to policies on sharing data and materials; and the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The publication of this article was funded by the Qatar National Library.
Languageen
PublisherWiley Open Access
Subjectcovariate adjustment
covariate balance
heart failure
mortality
study design
TitleDemystifying Smoker's Paradox: A Propensity Score-Weighted Analysis in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Heart Failure.
TypeArticle
Issue Number23
Volume Number8
ESSN2047-9980
dc.accessType Open Access


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