Nanotoxicology of dendrimers in the mammalian heart: Ex vivo and in vivo administration of g6 pamam nanoparticles impairs recovery of cardiac function following ischemia-reperfusion injury
Author | Babiker F. |
Author | Benter I.F. |
Author | Akhtar S. |
Available date | 2022-05-31T19:01:29Z |
Publication Date | 2020 |
Publication Name | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
Resource | Scopus |
Identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S255202 |
Abstract | Aim: The effects of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on the mammalian heart are not completely understood. In this study, we have investigated the effects of a sixth-generation cationic dendrimer (G6 PAMAM) on cardiac function in control and diabetic rat hearts following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: Isolated hearts from healthy non-diabetic (Ctr) male Wistar rats were subjected to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). LV contractility and hemodynamics data were computed digitally whereas cardiac damage following I/R injury was assessed by measuring cardiac enzymes. For ex vivo acute exposure experiments, G6 PAMAM was administered during the first 10 mins of reperfusion in Ctr animals. In chronic in vivo studies, nondiabetic rats (Ctr) received either vehicle or daily i.p. injections of G6 PAMAM (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Diabetic (D) animals received either vehicle or daily i.p. injections of G6 PAMAM (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The impact of G6 PAMAM on pacing-postconditioning (PPC) was also studied in Ctr and D rats. Results: In ex vivo studies, acute administration of G6 PAMAM to isolated Ctr hearts during reperfusion dose-dependently impaired recovery of cardiac hemodynamics and vascular dynamics parameters following I/R injury. Chronic daily i.p. injections of G6 PAMAM significantly (P<0.01) impaired recovery of cardiac function following I/R injury in nondiabetic animals but this was not generally observed in diabetic animals except for CF which was impaired by about 50%. G6 PAMAM treatment completely blocked the protective effects of PPC in the Ctr animals. Conclusion: Acute ex vivo or chronic in vivo treatment with naked G6 PAMAM dendrimer can significantly compromise recovery of non-diabetic hearts from I/R injury and can further negate the beneficial effects of PPC. Our findings are therefore extremely important in the nanotoxicological evaluation of G6 PAMAM dendrimers for potential clinical applications in physiological and pathological settings. |
Language | en |
Publisher | Dove Medical Press Ltd. |
Subject | nanoparticle polyamidoamine nanoparticle unclassified drug dendrimer nanoparticle polyamidoamine polyamine animal experiment animal tissue Article controlled study dose response ex vivo study heart function heart hemodynamics heart left ventricle contractility heart protection immunosuppressive treatment in vivo study isolated heart male nonhuman rat reperfusion injury animal cardiac muscle convalescence drug effect enzymology experimental diabetes mellitus heart heart contraction hemodynamics ischemic postconditioning mammal myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury pathology pathophysiology physiology Wistar rat Animals Dendrimers Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental Heart Hemodynamics Ischemic Postconditioning Male Mammals Myocardial Contraction Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Myocardium Nanoparticles Polyamines Rats, Wistar Recovery of Function |
Type | Article |
Pagination | 4393-4405 |
Volume Number | 15 |
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