Autoimmune diseases (AD) have emerged as a pandemic in our modern societies, especially after the World War II. In part I, we have reviewed five main diseases and shed light on different aspects from introducing the concept ...

Autoimmune diseases have emerged as a pandemic in our modern societies, especially after World War II. There are currently more than 80 autoimmune diseases that compromise the lives of millions of patients around the world. ...

The success of design criteria for long-circulating drug delivery systems to support membrane receptor-ligand interaction and internalization has been limited and there is a need to develop smarter approaches for efficient ...

Cilia, microtubule-based organelles that project from the apical luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs), are widely regarded as low-flow sensors. Previous reports suggest that upon high shear stress, cilia on the EC ...

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the new generation of anti-cancer drugs with high potential against cancer cells' proliferation and growth. However, TKIs are associated with severe cardiotoxicity, limiting their ...

Hypertension is a major risk factor and common comorbidity among severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Prominent antihypertensive drugs, such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin ...

The hemodynamic forces and wall shear stresses (WSS) play an important role during the fetal heart development. Abnormal levels of flow-driven shear stress can deteriorate the proper functioning of the cells responsible ...

Aortic valve diseases are among the most common cardiovascular defects. Since a non-functioning valve results in disturbed blood flow conditions, the diagnosis of such defects is based on identification of stenosis via ...

Aortic valve defects are among the most prevalent clinical conditions. A severely damaged or non-functioning aortic valve is commonly replaced with a bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) via the transcatheter aortic valve ...

Heart failure is a life-threatening medical problem which refers to inadequate blood supply to body tissues due to the limited functioning of heart muscles. Heart failure is mostly observed as a chronic disease which ...