Long-term symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of healthcare workers in Qatar

Abstract

Background: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, healthcare workers faced a significantly elevated risk of exposure and infection compared to the general population due to their frontline roles in patient care. This heightened risk was compounded by the nature of their work environment and prolonged contact with infected individuals. Despite extensive research on the virus's immediate impact, limited data exists regarding the prevalence of long-term symptoms, commonly referred to as Long COVID, among healthcare workers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and profile of long-term symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with associated risk factors, among healthcare workers, with a particular focus on regional data from the Middle East, and to contextualize these findings within the global evidence base. Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among healthcare workers at Hamad Medical Corporation, the largest healthcare provider in Qatar, between 24 January 2022 and 24 April 2022. Healthcare workers aged 18 years or older, including physicians, nurses, allied healthcare professionals, and administrative staff, were eligible to participate. The survey assessed the prevalence of Long COVID-19 symptoms, and the symptoms of depression, and anxiety. Over a four-week data collection period, we received 783 complete responses, which exceeded the minimum required sample size. Results: Of the respondents, three-quarters reported long-term symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and one-third reported more than three symptoms. Fatigue was the most common symptom. Gender disparities were observed, with females experiencing a higher incidence of symptoms. Significant associations were identified between a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a psychiatric history, symptoms of depression, and the development of multiple Long COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion: These findings highlight the significant burden of Long COVID-19 symptoms on healthcare workers well-being in Qatar. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to support them, especially those at greater risk of adverse outcomes. From a healthcare system perspective, addressing Long COVID-19 symptoms among healthcare workers is critical to maintaining a resilient workforce. This includes implementing access to mental health resources, structured follow-up, and workplace accommodation.