Transcriptomic analysis reveals zinc-mediated virulence and pathogenicity in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium well known for its multidrug resistance and connection to nosocomial infections under ESKAPE pathogens. This opportunistic pathogen is ubiquitously associated with nosocomial infections, posing significant threats within healthcare environments. Its critical clinical symptoms, namely, meningitis, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and pneumonia, catalyze the imperative demand for innovative therapeutic interventions. The proposed research focuses on delineating the role of Zinc, a crucial metallo-binding protein and micronutrient integral to bacterial metabolism and virulence, to enhance understanding of the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. RNA sequencing and subsequent DESeq2 analytical methods were used to identify differential gene expressions influenced by zinc exposure. Exploiting the STRING database for functional enrichment analysis has demonstrated the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the enhancement of pathogenicity prompted by Zinc. Moreover, hub genes like gltB, ribD, AIL77834.1, sdhB, nuoI, acsA_1, acoC, accA, accD were predicted using the cytohubba tool in Cytoscape. This investigation underscores the pivotal role of Zinc in the virulence of A. baumannii elucidates the underlying molecular pathways responsible for its pathogenicity. The research further accentuates the need for innovative therapeutic strategies to combat A. baumannii infections, particularly those induced by multidrug-resistant strains.