A comprehensive review on revalorization of natural rubber latex based foams: Enhancing properties through filler incorporation and surface modifications for multifaceted applications

Abstract

Natural rubber latex foams (NRLF) are cellular porous rubbery materials that are widely recognized for their versatility and environmentally friendly properties. In recent years, researchers have investigated the incorporation of various additives into the foams, aiming to enhance their properties and develop technologically advanced materials. Initial focus was on improving mechanical properties through the incorporation of biomaterials. This was followed by efforts to introduce inorganic and nanofillers to improve other properties such as antimicrobial activity, gas adsorption, and thermal performance. Recent research progressed into emerging fields, such as oil absorbents, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and sensors, focusing on the surface modification of NRLF using nanofillers or polymers. This review delves into the revalorization of NRLF by incorporating various fillers and employing surface modifications with polymers or fillers to enhance their properties and broaden their range of applications. The review highlights the potential of these enhanced foams for application in oil–water separation, gas absorption, clinical applications, and furnishings. It underscores the importance of utilizing fillers and polymers and identifies gaps in current research that offer promising avenues for future exploration.