Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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Date
2023-07-21Author
Kanyin Liane, OngStafford, Lauryn K
McLaughlin, Susan A
Boyko, Edward J
Vollset, Stein Emil
Smith, Amanda E
Dalton, Bronte E
Duprey, Joe
Cruz, Jessica A
Hagins, Hailey
Lindstedt, Paulina A
Aali, Amirali
Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
Abate, Melsew Dagne
Abbasian, Mohammadreza
Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abd ElHafeez, Samar
Abd-Rabu, Rami
Abdulah, Deldar Morad
Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md
Abedi, Vida
Abidi, Hassan
Aboagye, Richard Gyan
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
Adane, Tigist Demssew
Adane, Denberu Eshetie
Addo, Isaac Yeboah
Adegboye, Oyelola A
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adepoju, Abiola Victor
Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Afolabi, Rotimi Felix
Agarwal, Gina
Aghdam, Zahra Babaei
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth
Agyemang-Duah, Williams
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Danish
Ahmad, Rizwan
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmad, Aqeel
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmed, Ayman
Ahmed, Ali
Ahmed, Luai A
Ahmed, Syed Anees
Ajami, Marjan
Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali
Alalwan, Tariq A
Al-Aly, Ziyad
AlBataineh, Mohammad T
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Alemi, Sharifullah
Ali, Hassam
Alinia, Tahereh
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Almustanyir, Sami
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amare, Firehiwot
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amiri, Sohrab
Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Ansar, Adnan
Ansari, Golnoosh
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
Arabloo, Jalal
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Areda, Demelash
Arifin, Hidayat
Arkew, Mesay
Armocida, Benedetta
Ärnlöv, Johan
Artamonov, Anton A
Arulappan, Judie
Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
Arumugam, Ashokan
Aryan, Zahra
Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh
Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Askari, Elaheh
Asmelash, Daniel
Astell-Burt, Thomas
Athar, Mohammad
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Awaisu, Ahmed
Azadnajafabad, Sina
B, Darshan B
Babamohamadi, Hassan
Badar, Muhammad
Badawi, Alaa
Badiye, Ashish D
Baghcheghi, Nayereh
Bagheri, Nasser
Bagherieh, Sara
Bah, Sulaiman
Bahadory, Saeed
Bai, Ruhai
Baig, Atif Amin
Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
Baradaran, Hamid Reza
Barchitta, Martina
Bardhan, Mainak
Barengo, Noel C
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara
Barone-Adesi, Francesco
Barrow, Amadou
Bashiri, Hamideh
Basiru, Afisu
Basu, Sanjay
Basu, Saurav
Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad
Batra, Kavita
Bayih, Mulat Tirfie
Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew
Behnoush, Amir Hossein
Bekele, Alehegn Bekele
Belete, Melaku Ashagrie
Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal
Belo, Luis
Bennett, Derrick A
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berhe, Kidanemaryam
Berhie, Alemshet Yirga
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhat, Ajay Nagesh
Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh
Bikbov, Boris
Bilal, Faiq
Bintoro, Bagas Suryo
Bitaraf, Saeid
Bitra, Veera R
Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna
Bodolica, Virginia
Boloor, Archith
Brauer, Michael
Brazo-Sayavera, Javier
Brenner, Hermann
Butt, Zahid A
Calina, Daniela
Campos, Luciana Aparecida
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R
Cao, Yin
Cao, Chao
Car, Josip
Carvalho, Márcia
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Cerin, Ester
Chadwick, Joshua
Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K
Chanie, Gashaw Sisay
Charan, Jaykaran
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chauhan, Kirti
Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad
Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw
Chen, Simiao
Cherbuin, Nicolas
Chichagi, Fatemeh
Chidambaram, Saravana Babu
Cho, William C S
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Chukwu, Isaac Sunday
Chung, Sheng-Chia
Coberly, Kaleb
Columbus, Alyssa
Contreras, Daniela
Cousin, Ewerton
Criqui, Michael H
Cruz-Martins, Natália
Cuschieri, Sarah
Dabo, Bashir
Dadras, Omid
Dai, Xiaochen
Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
Dandona, Rakhi
Dandona, Lalit
Das, Saswati
Dascalu, Ana Maria
Dash, Nihar Ranjan
Dashti, Mohsen
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa
Debele, Gebiso Roba
Delpasand, Kourosh
Demisse, Fitsum Wolde
Demissie, Getu Debalkie
Deng, Xinlei
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Deo, Salil V
Dervišević, Emina
Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai
Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw
Dessie, Anteneh Mengist
Desta, Fikreab
Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman
Dey, Sourav
Dhama, Kuldeep
Dhimal, Meghnath
Diao, Nancy
Diaz, Daniel
Dinu, Monica
Diress, Mengistie
Djalalinia, Shirin
Doan, Linh Phuong
Dongarwar, Deepa
dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter
Duncan, Bruce B
Dutta, Siddhartha
Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian
Edinur, Hisham Atan
Ekholuenetale, Michael
Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus
Elgendy, Islam Y
Elhadi, Muhammed
El-Huneidi, Waseem
Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
Elmonem, Mohamed A
Endeshaw, Destaw
Esayas, Hawi Leul
Eshetu, Habitu Birhan
Etaee, Farshid
Fadhil, Ibtihal
Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
Fahim, Ayesha
Falahi, Shahab
Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
Farrokhpour, Hossein
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fatehizadeh, Ali
Fazli, Ghazal
Feng, Xiaoqi
Ferede, Tomas Y
Fischer, Florian
Flood, David
Forouhari, Ali
Foroumadi, Roham
Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh
Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
Gaihre, Santosh
Gaipov, Abduzhappar
Galali, Yaseen
Ganesan, Balasankar
Garcia-Gordillo, MA
Gautam, Rupesh K
Gebrehiwot, Mesfin
Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos
Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
Getacher, Lemma
Ghadirian, Fataneh
Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi
Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad
Ghassemi, Fariba
Golechha, Mahaveer
Goleij, Pouya
Golinelli, Davide
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh
Guan, Shi-Yang
Gudayu, Temesgen Worku
Guimarães, Rafael Alves
Guled, Rashid Abdi
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Kartik
Gupta, Veer Bala
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Gyawali, Bishal
Haddadi, Rasool
Hadi, Najah R
Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
Hajibeygi, Ramtin
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Halwani, Rabih
Hamidi, Samer
Hankey, Graeme J
Hannan, Md Abdul
Haque, Shafiul
Harandi, Hamid
Harlianto, Netanja I
Hasan, S M Mahmudul
Hasan, Syed Shahzad
Hasani, Hamidreza
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassen, Mohammed Bheser
Haubold, Johannes
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Golnaz
Heidari, Mohammad
Hessami, Kamran
Hiraike, Yuta
Holla, Ramesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Hossain, Md Shakhaoat
Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hosseinzadeh, Hassan
Huang, Junjie
Huda, Md Nazmul
Hussain, Salman
Huynh, Hong-Han
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Ikeda, Nayu
Ilic, Irena M
Ilic, Milena D
Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
Iqbal, Afrin
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Islam, Rakibul M
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itumalla, Ramaiah
Iwagami, Masao
Iwu, Chidozie C D
Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
Iyasu, Assefa N
Jacob, Louis
Jafarzadeh, Abdollah
Jahrami, Haitham
Jain, Rajesh
Jaja, Chinwe
Jamalpoor, Zahra
Jamshidi, Elham
Janakiraman, Balamurugan
Jayanna, Krishnamurthy
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jayawardena, Ranil
Jebai, Rime
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Jin, Yinzi
Jokar, Mohammad
Jonas, Jost B
Joseph, Nitin
Joseph, Abel
Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Kaambwa, Billingsley
Kabir, Ali
Kabthymer, Robel Hussen
Kadashetti, Vidya
Kahe, Farima
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kandel, Himal
Karanth, Shama D
Karaye, Ibraheem M
Karkhah, Samad
Katoto, Patrick DMC
Kaur, Navjot
Kazemian, Sina
Kebede, Sewnet Adem
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalaji, Amirmohammad
Khan, Moien AB
Khan, Maseer
Khan, Ajmal
Khanal, Saval
Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
Khater, Amir M
Khateri, Sorour
khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kibret, Biruk Getahun
Kim, Min Seo
Kimokoti, Ruth W
Kisa, Adnan
Kivimäki, Mika
Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
Komaki, Somayeh
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Koohestani, Hamid Reza
Korzh, Oleksii
Kostev, Karel
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Koyanagi, Ai
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Kuate Defo, Barthelemy
Kuddus, Mohammed
Kuddus, Md Abdul
Kumar, Rakesh
Kumar, Harish
Kundu, Satyajit
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Lallukka, Tea
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Larsson, Anders O
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Lee, Paul H
Lee, Sang-woong
Lee, Seung Won
Legesse, Samson Mideksa
Lenzi, Jacopo
Li, Yongze
Li, Ming-Chieh
Lim, Stephen S
Lim, Lee-Ling
Liu, Xuefeng
Liu, Chaojie
Lo, Chun-Han
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Lorkowski, Stefan
Lozano, Rafael
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Maghazachi, Azzam A
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
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Malta, Deborah Carvalho
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Marateb, Hamid Reza
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Marzo, Roy Rillera
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Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul
Okonji, Osaretin Christabel
Okwute, Patrick Godwin
Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa
Onwujekwe, Obinna E
Ordak, Michal
Ortiz, Alberto
Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi
Oulhaj, Abderrahim
Owolabi, Mayowa O
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Patel, Jenil R
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Ramazanu, Sheena
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Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz
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Saleh, Mohamed A
Salehi, Mohammad Amin
Salomon, Joshua A
Sanabria, Juan
Sanjeev, Rama Krishna
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Santric-Milicevic, Milena M
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Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze
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Tat, Nathan Y
Taye, Birhan Tsegaw
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Tripathy, Jaya Prasad
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Xiao, Hong
Xu, Suowen
Xu, Xiaoyue
Yada, Dereje Y
Yang, Lin
Yatsuya, Hiroshi
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Yi, Siyan
Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret
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You, Yuyi
Zaman, Sojib Bin
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Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
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Zielińska, Magdalena
Zikarg, Yossef Teshome
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Zoladl, Mohammad
Zou, Zhiyong
Zumla, Alimuddin
Zuniga, Yves Miel H
Magliano, Dianna J
Murray, Christopher J L
Hay, Simon I
Vos, Theo
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BackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. MethodsEstimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FindingsIn 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. InterpretationDiabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Harish; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Vijay; Kundu, Amartya; Kusuma, Dian; Kyei-Arthur, Frank; Kytö, Ville; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Laflamme, Lucie; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lám, Judit; Lan, Qing; Lan, Tuo; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Langguth, Berthold; Lansingh, Van Charles; Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Lauriola, Paolo; Lawlor, Hilary R; Le, Huu-Hoai; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Leasher, Janet L; Lee, Doo Woong; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Yo Han; Leigh, James; Leong, Elvynna; Li, Ming-Chieh; Libra, Massimo; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S; Limenh, Liknaw Workie; Lindholm, Daniel; Lindstedt, Paulina A; Listl, Stefan; Liu, Gang; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Shuke; Liu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Xuefeng; 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Marzo, Roy Rillera; Masoudi, Sahar; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathioudakis, Alexander G; Mathur, Medha; Mathur, Navgeet; Mathur, Neeta; Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido; Mattumpuram, Jishanth; Maude, Richard James; Maugeri, Andrea; Mayeli, Mahsa; Mazidi, Mohsen; Mazzotti, Antonio; McGrath, John J; McKee, Martin; McKowen, Anna Laura W; McPhail, Michael A; McPhail, Steven M; Mehmood, Asim; Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran; Mehravar, Sepideh; Mekene Meto, Tesfahun; Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh; Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Mendez; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mensah, George A; Mensah, Laverne G; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mersha, Abera M; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi; Mettananda, Sachith; Mhlanga, Adquate; Mhlanga, Laurette; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina; Miller, Ted R; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mirahmadi, Alireza; Mirijello, Antonio; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirzaei, Roya; 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Nainu, Firzan; Najdaghi, Soroush; Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin; Nangia, Vinay; Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas; Nargus, Shumaila; Narimani Davani, Delaram; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Nascimento, Gustavo G; Naser, Abdallah Y; Nashwan, Abdulqadir J; Natto, Zuhair S; Nauman, Javaid; Navaratna, Samidi N K; Naveed, Muhammad; Nawsherwan; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nayak, Vinod C; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nejjari, Chakib; Nematollahi, Soroush; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Ng, Marie; Nguefack-Tsague, Georges; Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Nguyen, Anh Hoang; Nguyen, Dang H; Nguyen, Duc Hoang; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Nhan; Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, QuynhAnh P; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nguyen Tran Minh, Duc; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nigatu, Yeshambel T; Niknam, Mahdieh; Nikoobar, Ali; Nikpoor, Amin Reza; Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin; Noman, Efaq Ali; Nomura, Shuhei; Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed; Noroozi, Nafise; Nouri, Mehran; Nozari, Majid; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; 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This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and ... -
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Jivan Qasim; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Ajumobi, Olufemi; Akade, Seyed Esma'il; Akbari, Morteza; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akhlaghi, Shiva; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akonde, Maxwell; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Alahdab, Fares; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Albashtawy, Mohammed; AlBataineh, Mohammad T; Aldawsari, Khalifah A; Alemi, Hediyeh; Alemi, Sharifullah; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Abid; Ali, Endale Alemayehu; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Musa Mohammed; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Shahid; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Ali, Zahid; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Aliyi, Ahmednur Adem; Aljofan, Mohamad; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alladi, Suvarna; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Almustanyir, Sami; Al-Omari, Basem; 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Benfor, Bright; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berice, Betyna; Bettencourt, Paulo J G; Beyene, Kebede A; Bhadra, Abhishek; Bhagat, Devidas S; Bhangdia, Kayleigh; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhargava, Ashish; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Bhat, Vivek; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bhatti, Rajbir; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Bilalaga, Mariah Malak; Biswas, Atanu; Bitaraf, Saeid; Bitra, Veera R; Bjørge, Tone; Bodolica, Virginia; Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan; Boloor, Archith; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brayne, Carol; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Andrey; Bringas Vega, Maria L; Brown, Julie; Budke, Christine M; Buonsenso, Danilo; Burkart, Katrin; Burns, Richard A; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Butt, Zahid A; Cabral, Lucas Scotta; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Calina, Daniela; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Cao, Chao; Carabin, Hélène; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carvalho, Andre F; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Casulli, Adriano; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Catapano, Alberico L; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cenderadewi, Muthia; Cerin, Ester; Chacón-Uscamaita, Pamela R Uscamaita; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chanie, Gashaw Sisay; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw; Chen, Hui; Chen, Jianqi; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Ching, Patrick R; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Chong, Yuen Yu; Chopra, Hitesh; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eric; Coberly, Kaleb; Columbus, Alyssa; Comachio, Josielli; Conde, Joao; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Couto, Rosa A S; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Dabbagh Ohadi, Mohammad Amin; Dadana, Sriharsha; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dai, Zhaoli; D'Amico, Emanuele; Danawi, Hadi A; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darwish, Amira Hamed; Das, Saswati; Das, Subasish; Dascalu, Ana Maria; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dashti, Mohsen; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro; De Leo, Diego; Dean, Frances E; Dehghan, Amin; Dehghan, Azizallah; Dejene, Hiwot; Demant, Daniel; Demetriades, Andreas K; Demissie, Solomon; Deng, Xinlei; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Dibas, Mahmoud; Ding, Delaney D; Dinu, Monica; Dirac, M Ashworth; Diress, Mengistie; Do, Thanh Chi; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; Doan, Khanh Duy Khanh; Dodangeh, Milad; Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy; Dokova, Klara Georgieva; Dongarwar, Deepa; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dube, John; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Dutta, Sulagna; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Eissazade, Negin; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; El Nahas, Nevine; El Sayed, Iman; Elahi Najafi, Mohammad Amin; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; Elgar, Frank J; Elgendy, Islam Y; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elilo, Legesse Tesfaye; Ellenbogen, Richard G; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem, Mohamed A; Elshaer, Mohammed; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Emamverdi, Mehdi; Emeto, Theophilus I; Endres, Matthias; Esezobor, Christopher Imokhuede; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Fadaei, Abdolmajid; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Faramarzi, Ali; Fares, Jawad; Farjoud Kouhanjani, Mohsen; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fathi, Mobina; Fathi, Saeid; Fatima, Syeda Anum Fatima; Feizkhah, Alireza; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Ferrari, Alize J; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Firouraghi, Neda; Fischer, Florian; Fonseca, Ana Catarina; Force, Lisa M; Fornari, Arianna; Foroutan, Behzad; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Galali, Yaseen; Galehdar, Nasrin; Gan, Quan; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Gardner, William M; Garg, Naval; Gau, Shuo-Yan; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gebre, Teshome; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn; Gebreslassie, Haftay Gebremedhin; Getacher, Lemma; Ghaderi Yazdi, Bardiya; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz; Ghanbari, Reza; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Ghimire, Sailaja; Gholami, Ali; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghotbi, Elena; Ghozy, Sherief; Gialluisi, Alessandro; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Glasstetter, Logan M; Gnedovskaya, Elena V; Golchin, Ali; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Gomes-Neto, Mansueto; Goulart, Alessandra C; Goyal, Anmol; Gray, Richard J; Grivna, Michal; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Guan, Bin; Guarducci, Giovanni; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Guo, Hanbing; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Hachinski, Vladimir; Haddadi, Rasool; Hadei, Mostafa; Hadi, Najah R; Haep, Nils; Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Hall, Brian J; Halwani, Rabih; Hameed, Sajid; Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad; Hammoud, Ahmad; Han, Hannah; Hanifi, Nasrin; Hankey, Graeme J; Hannan, Md. Abdul; Hao, Junwei; Harapan, Harapan; Hareru, Habtamu Endashaw; Hargono, Arief; Harlianto, Netanja I.; Haro, Josep Maria; Hartman, Nicholas Nathaniel; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hasan, Faizul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hasanian, Mohammad; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Mohammed Bheser; Haubold, Johannes; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza; Hesami, Hamed; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoffman, Howard J; Holla, Ramesh; Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Md. Belal; Hossain, Sahadat; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Chengxi; Huang, Junjie; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Hussain, Javid; Hussein, Nawfal R; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilaghi, Mehran; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Iravanpour, Farideh; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Faisal; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie C D; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Jaan, Ali; Jacob, Louis; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad; Jafari, Mahboobeh; Jafarinia, Morteza; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahrami, Haitham; Jaiswal, Abhishek; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamora, Roland Dominic G; Jana, Somnath; Javadi, Nilofer; Javed, Saad; Javeed, Saad; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jiang, Heng; Johnson, Catherine Owens; Johnson, Walter D; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Abel; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kabito, Gebisa Guyasa; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kafi, Fatemeh; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalantar, Farnaz; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamath, Sagarika; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Amit; Kandel, Himal; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Karajizadeh, Mehrdad; Karami, Jafar; Karanth, Shama D; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karch, André; Karimi, Aliasghar; Karimi, Hanie; Karimi Behnagh, Arman; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kaur, Harkiran; Kaur, Navjot; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi, Foad; Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila; Keller, Cathleen; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khadembashiri, Mohammad Amin; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khamesipour, Faham; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Moien AB; Khan, Yusra H; Khan Suheb, Mahammed Ziauddin; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khanna, Tripti; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khateri, Sorour; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khonji, Mohammad Saeid; khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh; Khormali, Moein; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kian, Saeid; Kim, Grace; Kim, Jihee; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kivimäki, Mika; Kochhar, Sonali; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Koly, Kamrun Nahar; Kompani, Farzad; Koroshetz, Walter J; Kosen, Soewarta; Kourosh Arami, Masoumeh; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kumar, Ashish; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Nithin; Kumsa, Netsanet Bogale; Kundu, Satyajit; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kusuma, Dian; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Laksono, Tri; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lallukka, Tea; Lám, Judit; Lami, Faris Hasan; Landires, Iván; Langguth, Berthold; Lasrado, Savita; Latief, Kamaluddin; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming; Laurens, Matthew B; Lawal, Basira Kankia; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Leonardi, Matilde; Lerango, Temesgen L; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Wei; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Stephen S; Linehan, Christine; Liu, Chaojie; Liu, Jue; Liu, Wei; Lo, Chun-Han; Lo, Warren David; Lobo, Stany W; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lopes, Graciliana; Lopukhov, Platon D; Lorenzovici, László; Lorkowski, Stefan; Loureiro, Joana A; Lubinda, Jailos; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lutzky Saute, Ricardo; Ma, Zheng Feei; Mabrok, Mahmoud; Machoy, Monika; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed; Maghazachi, Azzam A; Maghbouli, Nastaran; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoudi, Morteza; Majeed, Azeem; Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N.; Malakan Rad, Elaheh; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malik, Iram; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manilal, Aseer; Mansouri, Vahid; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Marasini, Bishnu P; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Maroufi, Seyed Farzad; Martinez-Raga, Jose; Martini, Santi; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Martorell, Miquel; März, Winfried; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Massano, João; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathews, Elezebeth; Maude, Richard James; Maugeri, Andrea; Maulik, Pallab K; Mayeli, Mahsa; Mazaheri, Maryam; McAlinden, Colm; McGrath, John J; Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Mendez; Mendoza, Walter; Mendoza-Cano, Oliver; Menezes, Ritesh G; Merati, Mohsen; Meretoja, Atte; Merkin, Alexander; Mersha, Abera M; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mi, Tianyue; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Mihretie, Ephrem Tesfaye; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mirfakhraie, Reza; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirzaei, Mehdi; Misganaw, Awoke; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Mizana, Biru Abdissa; Mohamadkhani, Ashraf; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammadi, Hiwa; Mohammadi, Shadieh; Mohammadi, Soheil; Mohammadshahi, Marita; Mohammed, Mustapha; Mohammed, Salahuddin; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Syam; Mojiri-forushani, Hoda; Moka, Nagabhishek; Mokdad, Ali H; Molinaro, Sabrina; Möller, Holger; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moniruzzaman, Md; Montazeri, Fateme; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moraga, Paula; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosapour, Abbas; Mosser, Jonathan F; Mossialos, Elias; Motaghinejad, Majid; Mousavi, Parsa; Mousavi, Seyed Ehsan; Mubarik, Sumaira; Muccioli, Lorenzo; Mughal, Faraz; Mukoro, George Duke; Mulita, Admir; Mulita, Francesk; Musaigwa, Fungai; Mustafa, Ahmad; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthu, Sathish; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naik, Ganesh R; Nainu, Firzan; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid; Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin; Nambi, Gopal; Namdar Areshtanab, Hossein; Nargus, Shumaila; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Naser, Abdallah Y; Nashwan, Abdulqadir J J; Nasoori, Hadis; Nasreldein, Ahmed; Natto, Zuhair S; Nauman, Javaid; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare; Negaresh, Mohammad; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Negru, Serban Mircea; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi; Nesbit, Olivia D; Newton, Charles Richard James; Nguyen, Dang H; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Hien Quang; Nguyen, Ngoc-Trinh Thi; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos; Niranjan, Vikram; Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles; Noman, Efaq Ali; Noroozi, Nafise; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Ntaios, George; Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia; Nurrika, Dieta; Oancea, Bogdan; Odetokun, Ismail A; O'Donnell, Martin James; Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer; Oguta, James Odhiambo; Oh, In-Hwan; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Okwute, Patrick Godwin; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun; Olana, Matifan Dereje; Olatubi, Matthew Idowu; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Omar Bali, Ahmed; Ong, Sokking; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Ordak, Michal; Orji, Aislyn U; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Ouyahia, Amel; Owolabi, Mayowa O; P A, Mahesh Padukudru; Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pal, Pramod Kumar; Palange, Padmavali Nanaji; 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Pritchett, Natalie; Purnobasuki, Hery; Qasim, Nameer Hashim; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qian, Gangzhen; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Raee, Pourya; Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi; Rafique, Ibrar; Raggi, Alberto; Raghav, Pankaja Raghav; Rahati, Meghdad M; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Zahra; Rahimifard, Mahban; Rahman, Md Obaidur; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmani, Shayan; Rahmani Youshanlouei, Hamed; Rahmati, Masoud; Raj Moolambally, Sheetal; Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali; Ramadan, Hazem; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramasubramani, Premkumar; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rancic, Nemanja; Rao, Indu Ramachandra; Rao, Sowmya J; Rapaka, Deepthi; Rashedi, Vahid; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Rashidi Alavijeh, Mehran; Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan; Rawaf, Salman; Razo, Christian; Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed; Rekabi Bana, Atefe; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaei, Negar; Rezaei, Nima; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Rhee, Taeho Gregory; Riad, Abanoub; Robinson, Stephen R; Rodrigues, Mónica; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Rogowski, Emma L B; Romoli, Michele; Ronfani, Luca; Roy, Priyanka; Roy Pramanik, Koushik; Rubagotti, Enrico; Ruiz, Milagros A; Russ, Tom C; S Sunnerhagen, Katharina; Saad, Aly M A; Saadatian, Zahra; Saber, Korosh; SaberiKamarposhti, Morteza; Sacco, Simona; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Sadeghian, Saeid; Saeed, Umar; Saeed, Usman; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safi, Sher Zaman; Sagar, Rajesh; Sagoe, Dominic; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sajedi, Seyed Aidin; Sakshaug, Joseph W; Saleh, Mohamed A; Salehi Omran, Hossein; Salem, Marwa Rashad; Salimi, Sohrab; Samadi Kafil, Hossein; Samadzadeh, Sara; Samargandy, Saad; Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo; Samuel, Vijaya Paul; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanadgol, Nima; Sanjeev, Rama Krishna; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Santri, Ichtiarini Nurullita; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Saravanan, Aswini; 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Tan, Ker-Kan; Tang, Haosu; Tareke, Minale; Tarigan, Ingan Ukur; Tat, Nathan Y; Tat, Vivian Y; Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh; Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad; Tavasol, Arian; Tefera, Yibekal Manaye; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Temesgen, Worku Animaw; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Teramoto, Masayuki; Tesfaye, Amensisa Hailu; Tesfaye, Edosa Geta; Tesler, Riki; Thakali, Ocean; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Thapa, Rajshree; Thapar, Rekha; Thomas, Nikhil Kenny; Thrift, Amanda G; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tillawi, Tala; Toghroli, Razie; Tonelli, Marcello; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Tran, Nghia Minh; Tran, Ngoc-Ha; Tran, Phu Van; Tromans, Samuel Joseph; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom; Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Tufa, Derara Girma; Ubah, Chukwudi S; Udoakang, Aniefiok John; Ulhaq, Inam; Umair, Muhammad; Umakanthan, Srikanth; Umapathi, Krishna Kishore; Unim, Brigid; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Vakilian, Alireza; Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel; Valizadeh, Rohollah; Van den Eynde, Jef; Vart, Priya; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vaziri, Siavash; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Verras, Georgios-Ioannis; Vervoort, Dominique; Villafañe, Jorge Hugo; Villani, Leonardo; Vinueza Veloz, Andres Fernando; Viskadourou, Maria; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vlassov, Vasily; Volovat, Simona Ruxandra; Vu, Loc Tri; Vujcic, Isidora S; Wagaye, Birhanu; Waheed, Yasir; Wahood, Waseem; Walde, Mandaras Tariku; Wang, Fang; Wang, Shu; Wang, Yanzhong; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Waqas, Muhammad; Waris, Abdul; Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan; Weintraub, Robert G; Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay; Westerman, Ronny; Whisnant, Joanna L; Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Willekens, Barbara; Wilner, Lauren B; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wolfe, Charles D A; Wu, Ai-Min; Wulf Hanson, Sarah; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yadollahpour, Ali; Yaghoubi, Sajad; Yahya, Galal; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yang, Lin; Yano, Yuichiro; Yao, Yao; Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yesiltepe, Metin; Yi, Siyan; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; You, Yuyi; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Yusuf, Hadiza; Zadey, Siddhesh; Zahedi, Mohammad; Zakham, Fathiah; Zaki, Nazar; Zali, Alireza; Zamagni, Giulia; Zand, Ramin; Zandieh, Ghazal G Z; Zangiabadian, Moein; Zarghami, Amin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeariya, Mohammed G M; Zegeye, Zelalem Banjaw; Zeukeng, Francis; Zhai, Chunxia; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhao, Yang; Zheng, Peng; Zhou, Hengxing; Zhu, Bin; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zikarg, Yossef Teshome; Zoladl, Mohammad; Murray, Christopher J L; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Feigin, Valery L; Vos, Theo; Dua, Tarun... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. 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Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Natalia V, Bhattacharjee; Schumacher, Austin E; Aali, Amirali; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abebe, Mesfin; Abebe, Samrawit Shawel; Abiodun, Olumide; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abolmaali, Meysam; Abouzid, Mohamed; Aboye, Girma Beressa; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Abrha, Woldu Aberhe; Abrigo, Michael R M; Abtahi, Dariush; Abualruz, Hasan; Abubakar, Bilyaminu; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Adal, Tadele Girum Girum; Adane, Mesafint Molla; Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Aden, Bashir; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo; Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adra, Saryia; Afolabi, Rotimi Felix; Afyouni, Shadi; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; 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Bhatti, Rajbir; Biondi, Antonio; Bisignano, Catherine; Biswas, Atanu; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bitra, Veera R; Bjørge, Tone; Bliss, Elye; Boachie, Micheal Kofi; Bobirca, Anca Vasilica; Bodolica, Virginia; Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan; Bogale, Eyob Ketema; Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw; Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad; Bora Basara, Berrak; Bouaoud, Souad; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Breitborde, Nicholas J K; Bryazka, Dana; Bulamu, Norma B; Buonsenso, Danilo; Burkart, Katrin; Burns, Richard A; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Butt, Zahid A; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Calina, Daniela; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Cao, Fan; Cao, Shujin; Capodici, Angelo; Carreras, Giulia; Carugno, Andrea; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Castelpietra, Giulio; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cembranel, Francieli; Cerin, Ester; Chadwick, Joshua; Chahine, Yaacoub; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Chalek, Julian; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Charalampous, Periklis; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaturvedi, Sarika; Chavula, Malizgani Paul; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Simiao; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chien, Ju-Huei; Ching, Patrick R; Cho, William C S; Choi, Sungchul; Chong, Bryan; Chopra, Hitesh; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eric; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Cindi, Zinhle; Cioffi, Iolanda; Ciuffreda, Raffaela; Claro, Rafael M; Coberly, Kaleb; Columbus, Alyssa; Comfort, Haley; Conde, Joao; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali; Dadana, Sriharsha; Dadras, Omid; Dahiru, Tukur; Dai, Zhaoli; Dalton, Bronte; Damiani, Giovanni; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Das, Jai K; Das, Saswati; Dashti, Mohsen; Dastiridou, Anna; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davletov, Kairat; Debele, Aklilu Tamire; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Delavari, Somayeh; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Demeke, Dessalegn; Demessa, Berecha Hundessa; Deng, Xinlei; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desai, Rupak; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dhali, Arkadeep; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dhulipala, Vishal R; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Diaz, Michael J; Dima, Adriana; Ding, Delaney D; Dirac, M Ashworth; Do, Thanh Chi; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; do Prado, Camila Bruneli; Dohare, Sushil; Dong, Wanyue; D'Oria, Mario; dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque; Doshmangir, Leila; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dsouza, Viola; Dube, John; Duprey, Joe; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Dutta, Sulagna; Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura; Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Ebrahimi, Alireza; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Edvardsson, Kristina; Efendi, Ferry; Eikemo, Terje Andreas; Ekholuenetale, Michael; El Tantawi, Maha; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elilo, Legesse Tesfaye; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem, Mohamed A; Elshaer, Mohammed; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Emami Zeydi, Amir; Engelbert Bain, Luchuo; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esposito, Francesco; Estep, Kara; Etaee, Farshid; Fabin, Natalia; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahimi, Saman; Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Aliasghar; Falzone, Luca; Faramarzi, Ali; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Farmer, Sam; Faro, Andre; Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Fazeli, Pooria; Feigin, Valery L; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Feroze, Abdullah Hamid; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Flavel, Joanne; Foigt, Nataliya A; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich; Foroutan, Behzad; Foschi, Matteo; Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael; Francis, Kate Louise; Freitas, Alberto; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fuller, John E; Fux, Blima; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Galali, Yaseen; Gallus, Silvano; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat; Garcia-Gordillo, M.A.; Garg, Naval; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gazzelloni, Federica; Gbadamosi, Semiu Olatunde; Gebregergis, Miglas W; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremariam, Tesfay Brhane; Gebremariam, Tesfay B B; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Geda, Yohannes Fikadu; Georgescu, Simona Roxana; Gerema, Urge; Geremew, Habtamu; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Gething, Peter W; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal; Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh; Ghassemi, Fariba; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Ghimire, Sailaja; Gholamian, Asadollah; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghorbani, Mahsa; Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal; Ghuge, Arun Digambarrao; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Gill, Tiffany K; Giorgi, Matteo; Girmay, Alem; Glasbey, James C; Göbölös, Laszlo; Goel, Amit; Golchin, Ali; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goudarzi, Houman; Goulart, Alessandra C; Goyal, Anmol; Graham, Simon Matthew; Grivna, Michal; Guan, Shi-Yang; Guarducci, Giovanni; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gulati, Snigdha; Gulisashvili, David; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Guo, Cui; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Manoj Kumar; Gupta, Mohak; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Haakenstad, Annie; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Hadi, Najah R; Haep, Nils; Hajibeygi, Ramtin; Haller, Sebastian; Halwani, Rabih; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hamdy, Nadia M; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Han, Qiuxia; Handal, Alexis J; Hankey, Graeme J; Haque, Md Nuruzzaman; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Ikramul; Hasan, Mohammad Jahid; Hasan, S.M. Mahmudul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Ikrama; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hay, Simon I; Hebert, Jeffrey J; Hegazi, Omar E; Heidari, Mohammad; Helfer, Bartosz; Hemmati, Mehdi; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hessami, Kamran; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Holla, Ramesh; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong; Hu, Chengxi; Huang, Junjie; Huda, M Mamun; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Javid; Hussein, Nawfal R; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqbal, Afrin; Islam, Md. Rabiul; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; J, Linda Merin; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacob, Louis; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad; Jaggi, Khushleen; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Akhil; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamshidi, Elham; Javadov, Sabzali; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeganathan, Jayakumar; Jha, Anil K; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jiang, Heng; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; K, Vaishali; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Abdulkareem; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Hannaneh; Kabir, Zubair; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalankesh, Leila R; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamath, Rajesh; Kamath, Sagarika; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kannan S, Suthanthira; Kansal, Sushil Kumar; Kantar, Rami S; Kapoor, Neeti; Karajizadeh, Mehrdad; Karami, Manoochehr; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kassel, Molly B; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kazemi, Foad; Kazeminia, sara; Kempen, John H; Kendal, Evie Shoshannah; Keshtkar, Kamyab; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Anees Ahmed; Khalilian, Alireza; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, Ajmal; Khan, Asaduzzaman; Khan, Ikramullah; Khan, M Nuruzzaman; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Khan, Moien AB; Khang, Young-Ho; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khavandegar, Armin; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Khormali, Moein; Khosravi, Mohammad Ali; Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood; Kidane, Wondwosen Teklesilasie; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Julie Sojin; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kinzel, Kasey E; Kiross, Girmay Tsegay; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Koren, Gerbrand; Korzh, Oleksii; Kosen, Soewarta; Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kubeisy, Connor M; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuitunen, Ilari; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, Harish; Kundu, Satyajit; Kunle, Kunle Rotimi; Kurmi, Om P; Kusnali, Asep; Kusuma, Dian; Kyei, Evans F; Kyriopoulos, Ilias; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Laflamme, Lucie; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lám, Judit; Lamnisos, Demetris; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Langguth, Berthold; Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane; Larson, Heidi Jane; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Latief, Kamaluddin; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Yo Han; Lema, Gebretsadik Kiros; Leong, Elvynna; Lerango, Temesgen L; Li, An; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Shanshan; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaopan; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Stephen S; Lin, Ro-Ting; Lindstedt, Paulina A; 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Zhou, Juexiao; Zhu, Bin; Zhu, Lei; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zou, Zhiyong; Zyoud, Samer H; Murray, Christopher J L; Smith, Amanda E; Vollset, Stein Emil... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, ...