Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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Date
2024-01-01Author
Naghavi, MohsenOng, Kanyin Liane
Aali, Amirali
Ababneh, Hazim S.
Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh
Abbasian, Mohammadreza
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd ElHafeez, Samar
Abdelmasseh, Michael
Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
Abdelwahab, Ahmed
Abdollahi, Mohammad
Abdollahifar, Mohammad Amin
Abdoun, Meriem
Abdulah, Deldar Morad
Abdullahi, Auwal
Abebe, Mesfin
Abebe, Samrawit Shawel
Abedi, Aidin
Abegaz, Kedir Hussein
Abhilash, E. S.
Abidi, Hassan
Abiodun, Olumide
Aboagye, Richard Gyan
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abolmaali, Meysam
Abouzid, Mohamed
Aboye, Girma Beressa
Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
Abrha, Woldu Aberhe
Abtahi, Dariush
Abu Rumeileh, Samir
Abualruz, Hasan
Abubakar, Bilyaminu
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME
Aburuz, Salahdein
Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou
Adal, Tadele Girum
Adamu, Abdu A.
Addo, Isaac Yeboah
Addolorato, Giovanni
Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adepoju, Abiola Victor
Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun
Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi
Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther
Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo
Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel
Admass, Biruk Adie Adie
Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Adra, Saryia
Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
Afzal, Saira
Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika
Agasthi, Pradyumna
Aggarwal, Manik
Aghamiri, Shahin
Agide, Feleke Doyore
Agodi, Antonella
Agrawal, Anurag
Agyemang-Duah, Williams
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Aqeel
Ahmad, Danish
Ahmad, Firdos
Ahmad, Muayyad M.
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmad, Shahzaib
Ahmad, Tauseef
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud
Ahmed, Ali
Ahmed, Ayman
Ahmed, Haroon
Ahmed, Luai A.
Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif
Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Ahmed, Syed Anees
Ajami, Marjan
Aji, Budi
Akara, Essona Matatom
Akbarialiabad, Hossein
Akinosoglou, Karolina
Akinyemiju, Tomi
Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed
Akyirem, Samuel
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
Alahdab, Fares
Alalalmeh, Samer O.
Alalwan, Tariq A.
Al-Aly, Ziyad
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Show full item recordAbstract
Background: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model—a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates—with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality—which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. Findings: The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2–100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1–290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1–211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4–48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3–37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7–9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. Interpretation: Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Rabiul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Faisal; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Jacob, Louis; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jafarinia, Morteza; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakhmola Mani, Dr Ruchi; Jamil, Safayet; Jamora, Roland Dominic G; Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim; Javadov, Sabzali; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayaram, Shubha; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeganathan, Jayakumar; Jiang, Heng; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jürisson, Mikk; K, Vaishali; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kalankesh, Laleh R; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamath, Rajesh; Kamireddy, Arun; Kanaan, Mona; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kansal, Sushil Kumar; Karim, Asima; Karkhah, Samad; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassel, Molly B; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kaur, Harkiran; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi, Foad; Kazemian, Sina; Kebede, Fassikaw; Kendal, Evie Shoshannah; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Khademvatan, Shahram; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khalid, Asaad; Khalid, Nauman; Khalilian, Alireza; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, Fayaz; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Khan, Moien AB; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Kheirallah, Khalid A; Khokhar, Manoj; Khormali, Moein; Khorrami, Zahra; Khosla, Atulya Aman; Khosravi, Majid; Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Grace; Kim, Julie Sojin; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Knibbs, Luke D; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kochhar, Sonali; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Koren, Gerbrand; Korzh, Oleksii; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuitunen, Ilari; Kujan, Omar; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha; 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Yang, Danting; Yano, Yuichiro; Yarahmadi, Amir; Yazdani Nia, Iman; Ye, Pengpeng; Yesodharan, Renjulal; Yesuf, Subah Abderehim; Yezli, Saber; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh; Yin, Dehui; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; You, Yuyi; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Yu, Elaine A; Yu, Yong; Yuan, Chun-Wei; Yusuf, Hadiza; Zafar, Uzma; Zafari, Nima; Zahid, Mondal Hasan; Zakham, Fathiah; Zaki, Nazar; Zerfu, Taddese Alemu; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Jingya; Zhang, Liqun; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Zhao, Xiu-Ju George; Zhao, Yang; Zhao, Zhongyi; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhou, Bolun; Zhou, Juexiao; Zhou, Shangcheng; Zhu, Bin; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zoghi, Ghazal; Zumla, Alimuddin; Zyoud, Sa'ed H; Zyoud, Samer H; Smith, Amanda E; Murray, Christopher J L... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)BackgroundFuture trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and ... -
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Khanh Bao, Tran; Lang, Justin J; Compton, Kelly; Xu, Rixing; Acheson, Alistair R; Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline; Kocarnik, Jonathan M; Penberthy, Louise; Aali, Amirali; Abbas, Qamar; Abbasi, Behzad; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdelwahab, Ahmed Abdelwahab; Abdoli, Gholamreza; Abdulkadir, Hanan Abdulkadir; Abedi, Aidin; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abidi, Hassan; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Absalan, Abdorrahim; Abtew, Yonas Derso; Abubaker Ali, Hiwa; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Achappa, Basavaprabhu; Acuna, Juan Manuel; Addison, Daniel; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adegboye, Oyelola A; Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun; Adnan, Mohammad; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Advani, Shailesh M; Afrin, Sumia; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Aggarwal, Manik; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Araz Ramazan; Ahmad, Rizwan; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Sohail; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed Rashid, Tarik; Aiman, Wajeeha; Ajami, Marjan; Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse; Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa; Aklilu, Addis; Akonde, Maxwell; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alahdab, Fares; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M; Alessy, Saleh Ali; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Syed Shujait; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkhayyat, Motasem; Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali; Almustanyir, Sami; Alonso, Nivaldo; Alqalyoobi, Shehabaldin; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M; Al-Rifai, Rami H Hani; Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah; Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B; Altawalah, Haya; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Firehiwot; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein; Amu, Hubert; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderson, Jason A; Animut, Yaregal Animut; Anoushiravani, Amir; Anoushirvani, Ali Arash; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Antony, Benny; Antwi, Maxwell Hubert; Anwar, Sumadi Lukman; Anwer, Razique; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Aremu, Olatunde; Argaw, Ayele Mamo; Ariffin, Hany; Aripov, Timur; Arshad, Muhammad; Artaman, Al; Arulappan, Judie; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Aryannejad, Armin; Asaad, Malke; Asemahagn, Mulusew A; Asemi, Zatollah; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashraf, Tahira; Assadi, Reza; Athar, Mohammad; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Attia, Sameh; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Awedew, Atalel Fentahun; Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew; Awoke, Tewachew; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu; Ayen, Solomon Shitu; Azadi, Davood; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azami-Aghdash, Saber; Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye; Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza; Azari Jafari, Amirhossein; Azizi, Hosein; Azzam, Ahmed Y Y; Babajani, Amirhesam; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagheri, Nader; Bagherieh, Sara; Bahadory, Saeed; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L; Bakhtiari, Ahad; Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Indrajit; Bardhan, Mainak; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barra, Fabio; Barrow, Amadou; Bashir, Nasir Z; Bashiri, Azadeh; Basu, Saurav; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Begum, Aeysha; Bekele, Alehegn Bekele; Belay, Alemayehu Sayih; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bell, Arielle Wilder; Belo, Luis; Benzian, Habib; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Bharti Bhandari; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S; Bhuyan, Soumitra S; Bibi, Sadia; Bilchut, Awraris Hailu; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Biondi, Antonio; Birega, Mesfin Geremaw Birega; Birhan, Habitu Eshetu; Bjørge, Tone; Blyuss, Oleg; Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao; Boloor, Archith; Bosetti, Cristina; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Buchanan, Christina Maree; Bulamu, Norma B; Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa; Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Butt, Zahid A; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Cao, Chao; Cao, Yin; Carreras, Giulia; Carvalho, Márcia; Cembranel, Francieli; Cerin, Ester; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Charalampous, Periklis; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Cho, William C S; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Cohen, Aaron J; Conde, Joao; Cortés, Sandra; Costa, Vera Marisa; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Culbreth, Garland T; Dadras, Omid; Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome; Dahlawi, Saad M A; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz; Danielewicz, Anna; Dao, An Thi Minh; Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Das, Saswati; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Davtalab Esmaeili, Elham; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; Debela, Sisay Abebe; Dehghan, Azizallah; Demisse, Biniyam; Demisse, Fitsum Wolde; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Derakhshani, Afshin; Derbew Molla, Meseret; Dereje, Diriba; Deribe, Kalkidan Solomon; Desai, Rupak; Desalegn, Markos Desalegn; Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu; Dessalegni, Samuel Abebe A; Dessie, Gashaw; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diao, Nancy; Diaz, Daniel; Digesa, Lankamo Ena; Dixit, Shilpi Gupta; Doaei, Saeid; Doan, Linh Phuong; Doku, Paul Narh; Dongarwar, Deepa; dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Edalati, Sareh; Eghbalian, Fatemeh; Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; Ekwueme, Donatus U; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elghazaly, Hesham; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Huneidi, Waseem; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Engelbert Bain, Luchuo; Enyew, Daniel Berhanie; Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj; Eshetu, Tegegne; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Espinosa-Montero, Juan; Etaee, Farshid; Etemadimanesh, Azin; Eyayu, Tahir; Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude; Ezzikouri, Sayeh; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahimi, Saman; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Faraon, Emerito Jose A; Fares, Jawad; Farmany, Abbas; Farooque, Umar; Farrokhpour, Hossein; Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fatima, Wafa; Fattahi, Hamed; Fekadu, Ginenus; Feleke, Berhanu Elfu; Ferrari, Allegra Allegra; Ferrero, Simone; Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Foroumadi, Roham; Foroutan, Masoud; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Galehdar, Nasrin; Gallus, Silvano; Garg, Tushar; Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana; Gebremariam, Yosef Haile; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu; Geda, Yohannes Fikadu; Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw; Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete; Getachew, Melaku; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Ghaffari, Kazem; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad; Ghassemi, Fariba; Ghimire, Ajnish; Ghith, Nermin; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Jamshid; Ghozy, Sherief; Gilani, Syed Amir; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Ginindza, Themba G; Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T; Glasbey, James C; Godos, Justyna; Goel, Amit; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Golitaleb, Mohamad; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia; Grosso, Giuseppe; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gurara, Mekdes Kondale; Guta, Alemu; Habibzadeh, Parham; Haddadi Avval, Atlas; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hajj Ali, Adel; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Halboub, Esam S; Halimi, Aram; Halwani, Rabih; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Hariri, Sanam; Harlianto, Netanja I; Haro, Josep Maria; Hartono, Risky Kusuma; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, S M Mahmudul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika; Hassan, Abbas M; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Heidarymeybodi, Zahra; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni; Holla, Ramesh; Holm, Marianne; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hoseini, Mohammad; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hosseinzadeh, Ali; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Huang, Junjie; Hugo, Fernando N; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Salman; Hussein, Nawfal R; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria; Ikuta, Kevin S; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Innos, Kaire; Iranpour, Pooya; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Islam, Md Shariful; Islam, Rakibul M; Islami, Farhad; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; J, Linda Merin; Jaiswal, Abhishek; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalili, Mahsa; Jalilian, Shahram; Jamshidi, Elham; Jang, Sung-In; Jani, Chinmay T; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh; Jayaram, Shubha; Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad; Jebai, Rime; Jemal, Bedru; Jeong, Wonjeong; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jindal, Har Ashish; John-Akinola, Yetunde O; Jonas, Jost B; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kahe, Farima; Kakodkar, Pradnya Vishal; Kalankesh, Laleh R; Kalankesh, Leila R; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamal, Vineet Kumar; Kamangar, Farin; Kamath, Ashwin; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandaswamy, Eswar; Kandel, Himal; Kang, HyeJung; Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel; Kapoor, Neeti; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Karanth, Shama D; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karch, André; Karimi, Amirali; Kassa, Bekalu Getnet; Katoto, Patrick DMC; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kaur, Harkiran; Kebede, Abinet Gebremickael; Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila; Kejela, Gemechu Gemechu; Kemp Bohan, Phillip M; Keramati, Maryam; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khan, Abbas; Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Md Nuruzzaman; Khan, Moien AB; Khanali, Javad; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin; Khezeli, Mehdi; Khodadost, Mahmoud; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Klugar, Miloslav; Klugarová, Jitka; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kolkhir, Pavel; Kompani, Farzad; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, Akshay; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Narinder; Kurmi, Om P; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lahiri, Arista; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lám, Judit; Lan, Qing; Landires, Iván; Larijani, Bagher; Lasrado, Savita; Lau, Jerrald; Lauriola, Paolo; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Lee, Yo Han; Legesse, Samson Mideksa; Leigh, James; Leong, Elvynna; Li, Ming-Chieh; Lim, Stephen S; Liu, Gang; Liu, Jue; Lo, Chun-Han; Lohiya, Ayush; Lopukhov, Platon D; Lorenzovici, László; Lotfi, Mojgan; Loureiro, Joana A; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Mafi, Ahmad R; Magdeldin, Sameh; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoodpoor, Ata; Mahmoudi, Morteza; Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh; Mahumud, Rashidul Alam; Majeed, Azeem; Majidpoor, Jamal; Makki, Alaa; Makris, Konstantinos Christos; Malakan Rad, Elaheh; Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Mallya, Sneha Deepak; Mamun, Mohammed A; Manda, Ana Laura; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Masoudi, Sahar; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Matei, Clara N; Mathews, Elezebeth; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mathur, Vasundhara; McKee, Martin; Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Mehmood, Khalid; Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar; Mehrotra, Ravi; Melese, Addisu; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mengesha, SIsay Derso; Mensah, Laverne G; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Mera-Mamián, Andry Yasmid Mera; Meretoja, Tuomo J; 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Olagunju, Andrew T; Olagunju, Tinuke O; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Omer, Emad; Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel; Ong, Sokking; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Orru, Hans; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Oulhaj, Abderrahim; Oumer, Bilcha; Owopetu, Oluwatomi Funbi; Oyinloye, Babatunji Emmanuel; P A, Mahesh; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakbin, Babak; Pakshir, Keyvan; Pakzad, Reza; Palicz, Tamás; Pana, Adrian; Pandey, Anamika; Pandey, Ashok; Pant, Suman; Pardhan, Shahina; Park, Eun-Cheol; Park, Eun-Kee; Park, Seoyeon; Patel, Jay; Pati, Siddhartha; Paudel, Rajan; Paudel, Uttam; Paun, Mihaela; Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza; Peng, Minjin; Pereira, Jeevan; Pereira, Renato B; Perna, Simone; Perumalsamy, Navaraj; Pestell, Richard G; Pezzani, Raffaele; Piccinelli, Cristiano; Pillay, Julian David; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Pischon, Tobias; Postma, Maarten J; Pourabhari Langroudi, Ashkan; Pourshams, Akram; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Prashant, Akila; Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd; Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin; 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Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Sheikh, Aziz; Sheikh, Mahdi; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali; Sheikhy, Ali; Shepherd, Peter Robin; Shetty, Adithi; Shetty, Jeevan K; Shetty, Ranjitha S; Shibuya, Kenji; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin; Shivakumar, K M; Shivalli, Siddharudha; Shivarov, Velizar; Shobeiri, Parnian; Shokri Varniab, Zahra; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Shrestha, Sunil; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K; Sidemo, Negussie Boti; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Silva Julian, Guilherme; Silvestris, Nicola; Simegn, Wudneh; Singh, Achintya Dinesh; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Garima; Singh, Harpreet; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Jitendra Kumar; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Surjit; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Sinke, Abiy H; Siraj, Md Shahjahan; Sitas, Freddy; Siwal, Samarjeet Singh; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Socea, Bogdan; Soeberg, Matthew J; Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad; Solomon, Yonatan; Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh; 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Vacante, Marco; Vaezi, Maryam; Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel; Valdez, Pascual R; Vardavas, Constantine; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vaziri, Siavash; Velazquez, Diana Zuleika; Veroux, Massimiliano; Villeneuve, Paul J; Violante, Francesco S; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vlassov, Vasily; Vo, Bay; Vu, Linh Gia; Wadood, Abdul Wadood; Waheed, Yasir; Walde, Mandaras Tariku; Wamai, Richard G; Wang, Cong; Wang, Fang; Wang, Ning; Wang, Yu; Ward, Paul; Waris, Abdul; Westerman, Ronny; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Woldemariam, Melat; Woldu, Berhanu; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yadav, Lalit; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein; Yang, Lin; Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh; Yeshaw, Yigizie; Yismaw, Yazachew; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yousefian, Fatemeh; Yu, Chuanhua; Yu, Yong; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zahir, Mazyar; Zaki, Nazar; Zaman, Burhan Abdullah; Zangiabadian, Moein; Zare, Fariba; Zare, Iman; Zareshahrabadi, Zahra; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeineddine, Mohammad A; Zhang, Dongyu; Zhang, Jianrong; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhou, Linghui; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoladl, Mohammad; Vos, Theo; Hay, Simon I; Force, Lisa M; Murray, Christopher J L... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2022 , Article)BackgroundUnderstanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global ... -
Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Natalia V, Bhattacharjee; Schumacher, Austin E; Aali, Amirali; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abebe, Mesfin; Abebe, Samrawit Shawel; Abiodun, Olumide; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abolmaali, Meysam; Abouzid, Mohamed; Aboye, Girma Beressa; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Abrha, Woldu Aberhe; Abrigo, Michael R M; Abtahi, Dariush; Abualruz, Hasan; Abubakar, Bilyaminu; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Adal, Tadele Girum Girum; Adane, Mesafint Molla; Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Aden, Bashir; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo; Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adra, Saryia; Afolabi, Rotimi Felix; Afyouni, Shadi; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Afzal, Saira; Aghamiri, Shahin; Agodi, Antonella; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahlstrom, Austin J; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Firdos; Ahmad, Muayyad M; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Akkala, Sreelatha; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Al Qadire, Mohammad; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Alalalmeh, Samer O; Alalwan, Tariq A; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M; Albakri, Almaza; Albashtawy, Mohammed; AlBataineh, Mohammad T; Alemi, Hediyeh; Alemi, Sharifullah; Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alhabib, Khalid F; Alhajri, Noora; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Abid; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Aligol, Mohammad; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Aljasir, Mohammad A M; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Al-Marwani, Sabah; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Almidani, Omar; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Al-Omari, Basem; Alqahtani, Jaber S; Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M; Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah; Altaf, Awais; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Aluh, Deborah Oyine; Alvi, Farrukh Jawad; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alwafi, Hassan; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Aly, Safwat; Alzoubi, Karem H; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amini-Rarani, Mostafa; Amiri, Sohrab; Ampomah, Irene Gyamfuah; Amugsi, Dickson A; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; Andrade, Pedro Prata; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Anil, Abhishek; Anil, Sneha; Ansar, Adnan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antony, Catherine M; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anvari, Saeid; ANWAR, SALEHA; Anwer, Razique; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman; Arafa, Elshaimaa A; Arafat, Mosab; Araújo, Ana Margarida; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Aremu, Abdulfatai; Aripov, Timur; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arooj, Mahwish; Artamonov, Anton A; Arulappan, Judie; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Arumugam, Ashokan; Asadi-Lari, Mohsen; Asemi, Zatollah; Asgary, Saeed; Asghariahmadabad, Mona; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse; Ashraf, Muhammad; Ashraf, Tahira; Asika, Marvellous O; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Atreya, Alok; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Avan, Abolfazl; Aweke, Amlaku Mulat; Ayele, Getnet Melaku; Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azevedo, Rui M S; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghdadi, Soroush; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Bahmanziari, Najmeh; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L; Bako, Abdulaziz T; Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur; Balasubramanian, Madhan; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Bam, Kiran; Banach, Maciej; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Banik, Biswajit; Banik, Palash Chandra; Bansal, Hansi; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Bardideh, Erfan; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barrow, Amadou; Barteit, Sandra; Basharat, Zarrin; Bashir, Asma'u I J; Bashiru, Hameed Akande; Basiru, Afisu; Basso, João Diogo; Basu, Sanjay; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Batra, Kavita; Baune, Bernhard T; Bayati, Mohsen; Begum, Tahmina; Behboudi, Emad; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Beiranvand, Maryam; Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda; Bekele, Alehegn; Belay, Sefealem Assefa; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja; Beloukas, Apostolos; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berezvai, Zombor; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C; Bettencourt, Paulo J G; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhardwaj, Prarthna V; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Vivek; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bhatti, Manpreet S; Bhatti, Rajbir; Biondi, Antonio; Bisignano, Catherine; Biswas, Atanu; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bitra, Veera R; Bjørge, Tone; Bliss, Elye; Boachie, Micheal Kofi; Bobirca, Anca Vasilica; Bodolica, Virginia; Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan; Bogale, Eyob Ketema; Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw; Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad; Bora Basara, Berrak; Bouaoud, Souad; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Breitborde, Nicholas J K; Bryazka, Dana; Bulamu, Norma B; Buonsenso, Danilo; Burkart, Katrin; Burns, Richard A; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Butt, Zahid A; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Calina, Daniela; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Cao, Fan; Cao, Shujin; Capodici, Angelo; Carreras, Giulia; Carugno, Andrea; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Castelpietra, Giulio; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cembranel, Francieli; Cerin, Ester; Chadwick, Joshua; Chahine, Yaacoub; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Chalek, Julian; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Charalampous, Periklis; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaturvedi, Sarika; Chavula, Malizgani Paul; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Simiao; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chien, Ju-Huei; Ching, Patrick R; Cho, William C S; Choi, Sungchul; Chong, Bryan; Chopra, Hitesh; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eric; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Cindi, Zinhle; Cioffi, Iolanda; Ciuffreda, Raffaela; Claro, Rafael M; Coberly, Kaleb; Columbus, Alyssa; Comfort, Haley; Conde, Joao; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali; Dadana, Sriharsha; Dadras, Omid; Dahiru, Tukur; Dai, Zhaoli; Dalton, Bronte; Damiani, Giovanni; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Das, Jai K; Das, Saswati; Dashti, Mohsen; Dastiridou, Anna; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davletov, Kairat; Debele, Aklilu Tamire; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Delavari, Somayeh; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Demeke, Dessalegn; Demessa, Berecha Hundessa; Deng, Xinlei; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desai, Rupak; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dhali, Arkadeep; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dhulipala, Vishal R; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Diaz, Michael J; Dima, Adriana; Ding, Delaney D; Dirac, M Ashworth; Do, Thanh Chi; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; do Prado, Camila Bruneli; Dohare, Sushil; Dong, Wanyue; D'Oria, Mario; dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque; Doshmangir, Leila; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dsouza, Viola; Dube, John; Duprey, Joe; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Dutta, Sulagna; Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura; Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Ebrahimi, Alireza; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Edvardsson, Kristina; Efendi, Ferry; Eikemo, Terje Andreas; Ekholuenetale, Michael; El Tantawi, Maha; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elilo, Legesse Tesfaye; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem, Mohamed A; Elshaer, Mohammed; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Emami Zeydi, Amir; Engelbert Bain, Luchuo; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esposito, Francesco; Estep, Kara; Etaee, Farshid; Fabin, Natalia; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahimi, Saman; Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Aliasghar; Falzone, Luca; Faramarzi, Ali; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Farmer, Sam; Faro, Andre; Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Fazeli, Pooria; Feigin, Valery L; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Feroze, Abdullah Hamid; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Flavel, Joanne; Foigt, Nataliya A; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich; Foroutan, Behzad; Foschi, Matteo; Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael; Francis, Kate Louise; Freitas, Alberto; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fuller, John E; Fux, Blima; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Galali, Yaseen; Gallus, Silvano; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat; Garcia-Gordillo, M.A.; Garg, Naval; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gazzelloni, Federica; Gbadamosi, Semiu Olatunde; Gebregergis, Miglas W; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremariam, Tesfay Brhane; Gebremariam, Tesfay B B; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Geda, Yohannes Fikadu; Georgescu, Simona Roxana; Gerema, Urge; Geremew, Habtamu; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Gething, Peter W; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal; Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh; Ghassemi, Fariba; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Ghimire, Sailaja; Gholamian, Asadollah; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghorbani, Mahsa; Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal; Ghuge, Arun Digambarrao; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Gill, Tiffany K; Giorgi, Matteo; Girmay, Alem; Glasbey, James C; Göbölös, Laszlo; Goel, Amit; Golchin, Ali; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goudarzi, Houman; Goulart, Alessandra C; Goyal, Anmol; Graham, Simon Matthew; Grivna, Michal; Guan, Shi-Yang; Guarducci, Giovanni; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gulati, Snigdha; Gulisashvili, David; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Guo, Cui; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Manoj Kumar; Gupta, Mohak; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Haakenstad, Annie; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Hadi, Najah R; Haep, Nils; Hajibeygi, Ramtin; Haller, Sebastian; Halwani, Rabih; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hamdy, Nadia M; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Han, Qiuxia; Handal, Alexis J; Hankey, Graeme J; Haque, Md Nuruzzaman; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Ikramul; Hasan, Mohammad Jahid; Hasan, S.M. Mahmudul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Ikrama; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hay, Simon I; Hebert, Jeffrey J; Hegazi, Omar E; Heidari, Mohammad; Helfer, Bartosz; Hemmati, Mehdi; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hessami, Kamran; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Holla, Ramesh; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong; Hu, Chengxi; Huang, Junjie; Huda, M Mamun; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Javid; Hussein, Nawfal R; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqbal, Afrin; Islam, Md. Rabiul; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; J, Linda Merin; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacob, Louis; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad; Jaggi, Khushleen; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Akhil; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamshidi, Elham; Javadov, Sabzali; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeganathan, Jayakumar; Jha, Anil K; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jiang, Heng; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; K, Vaishali; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Abdulkareem; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Hannaneh; Kabir, Zubair; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalankesh, Leila R; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamath, Rajesh; Kamath, Sagarika; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kannan S, Suthanthira; Kansal, Sushil Kumar; Kantar, Rami S; Kapoor, Neeti; Karajizadeh, Mehrdad; Karami, Manoochehr; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kassel, Molly B; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kazemi, Foad; Kazeminia, sara; Kempen, John H; Kendal, Evie Shoshannah; Keshtkar, Kamyab; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Anees Ahmed; Khalilian, Alireza; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, Ajmal; Khan, Asaduzzaman; Khan, Ikramullah; Khan, M Nuruzzaman; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Khan, Moien AB; Khang, Young-Ho; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khavandegar, Armin; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Khormali, Moein; Khosravi, Mohammad Ali; Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood; Kidane, Wondwosen Teklesilasie; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Julie Sojin; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kinzel, Kasey E; Kiross, Girmay Tsegay; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Koren, Gerbrand; Korzh, Oleksii; Kosen, Soewarta; Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kubeisy, Connor M; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuitunen, Ilari; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, Harish; Kundu, Satyajit; Kunle, Kunle Rotimi; Kurmi, Om P; Kusnali, Asep; Kusuma, Dian; Kyei, Evans F; Kyriopoulos, Ilias; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Laflamme, Lucie; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lám, Judit; Lamnisos, Demetris; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Langguth, Berthold; Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane; Larson, Heidi Jane; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Latief, Kamaluddin; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Yo Han; Lema, Gebretsadik Kiros; Leong, Elvynna; Lerango, Temesgen L; Li, An; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Shanshan; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaopan; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Stephen S; Lin, Ro-Ting; Lindstedt, Paulina A; 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Zhou, Juexiao; Zhu, Bin; Zhu, Lei; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zou, Zhiyong; Zyoud, Samer H; Murray, Christopher J L; Smith, Amanda E; Vollset, Stein Emil... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, ...