Cost-effectiveness analysis of genotype-guided optimization of major depression treatment in Qatar

Abstract

Background Pharmacogenetic testing improves the efficacy and safety of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for moderate-severe major depressive disorder by identifying genetic variations that influence medication metabolism, and adjusting treatment regimens accordingly. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacogenetic testing approach to guide the prescription of antidepressants.

Methods From the public hospital perspective, we developed a two-stage decision tree diagram of a short-term 6-week follow up, and a lifetime Markov model with 3-month cycles. The analysis compared the current standard of care with the alternative strategy of Pharmacogenetic-guided (multi-gene panel) testing in adult patients with moderate-severe major depressive disorder. Clinical outcomes and utilities were obtained from published studies, while healthcare costs were locally available. The short-term incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was against treatment response without side effects and without relapse, and against treatment response with/without side effects and without relapse. The long-term incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was against the quality-adjusted life year gained and years of life saved.

Results Adopting the pharmacogenetic-guided therapy for adult patients with moderate-severe major depressive disorder in Qatar resulted in cost savings of Qatari Riyal 2,289 (95% confidence interval, −22,654–26,340) for the health system. In the short term, the pharmacogenetic-guided testing was associated with higher response rates without side effects and without relapse (mean difference 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.15) and higher response rates with or without side effects and without relapse (mean difference 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.04–0.06). For long term, the pharmacogenetic-guided testing resulted in 0.13 years of life saved and 0.06 quality-adjusted life year gained, per person, along with cost savings of Qatari Riyal 46,215 (95% confidence interval-15,744–101,758). The sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the model results.

Conclusion Implementing pharmacogenetic testing to guide antidepressant use was found to improve population health outcomes, while also significantly reducing health system costs.