Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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Date
2024-03-20Author
Natalia V, BhattacharjeeSchumacher, Austin E
Aali, Amirali
Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh
Abbasian, Mohammadreza
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd ElHafeez, Samar
Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
Abdollahi, Mohammad
Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin
Abdoun, Meriem
Abdullahi, Auwal
Abebe, Mesfin
Abebe, Samrawit Shawel
Abiodun, Olumide
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abolmaali, Meysam
Abouzid, Mohamed
Aboye, Girma Beressa
Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
Abrha, Woldu Aberhe
Abrigo, Michael R M
Abtahi, Dariush
Abualruz, Hasan
Abubakar, Bilyaminu
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME
Adal, Tadele Girum Girum
Adane, Mesafint Molla
Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo
Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji
Adekanmbi, Victor
Aden, Bashir
Adepoju, Abiola Victor
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O
Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi
Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo
Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel
Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Adra, Saryia
Afolabi, Rotimi Felix
Afyouni, Shadi
Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
Afzal, Saira
Aghamiri, Shahin
Agodi, Antonella
Agyemang-Duah, Williams
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahlstrom, Austin J
Ahmad, Aqeel
Ahmad, Danish
Ahmad, Firdos
Ahmad, Muayyad M
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmad, Tauseef
Ahmed, Ali
Ahmed, Ayman
Ahmed, Haroon
Ahmed, Luai A
Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh
Ahmed, Syed Anees
Ajami, Marjan
Aji, Budi
Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse
Akbarialiabad, Hossein
Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed
Akkala, Sreelatha
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
Al Qadire, Mohammad
AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali
Alalalmeh, Samer O
Alalwan, Tariq A
Al-Aly, Ziyad
Alam, Khurshid
Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa
Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
Alanzi, Turki M
Albakri, Almaza
Albashtawy, Mohammed
AlBataineh, Mohammad T
Alemi, Hediyeh
Alemi, Sharifullah
Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta
Al-Eyadhy, Ayman
Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed
Alhabib, Khalid F
Alhajri, Noora
Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
Alhassan, Robert Kaba
Ali, Abid
Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir
Ali, Liaqat
Ali, Mohammed Usman
Ali, Rafat
Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait
Alif, Sheikh Mohammad
Aligol, Mohammad
Alijanzadeh, Mehran
Aljasir, Mohammad A M
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Al-Marwani, Sabah
Almazan, Joseph Uy
Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M
Almidani, Omar
Alomari, Mahmoud A
Al-Omari, Basem
Alqahtani, Jaber S
Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M
Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah
Altaf, Awais
Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A
Altirkawi, Khalid A
Aluh, Deborah Oyine
Alvi, Farrukh Jawad
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Alwafi, Hassan
Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed
Aly, Hany
Aly, Safwat
Alzoubi, Karem H
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amin, Tarek Tawfik
Amindarolzarbi, Alireza
Amini-Rarani, Mostafa
Amiri, Sohrab
Ampomah, Irene Gyamfuah
Amugsi, Dickson A
Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi
Ancuceanu, Robert
Anderlini, Deanna
Andrade, Pedro Prata
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Andrei, Tudorel
Anil, Abhishek
Anil, Sneha
Ansar, Adnan
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Antony, Catherine M
Antriyandarti, Ernoiz
Anvari, Saeid
ANWAR, SALEHA
Anwer, Razique
Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
Arabloo, Jalal
Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman
Arafa, Elshaimaa A
Arafat, Mosab
Araújo, Ana Margarida
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Aremu, Abdulfatai
Aripov, Timur
Arkew, Mesay
Armocida, Benedetta
Ärnlöv, Johan
Arooj, Mahwish
Artamonov, Anton A
Arulappan, Judie
Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
Arumugam, Ashokan
Asadi-Lari, Mohsen
Asemi, Zatollah
Asgary, Saeed
Asghariahmadabad, Mona
Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse
Ashraf, Muhammad
Ashraf, Tahira
Asika, Marvellous O
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
Atreya, Alok
Aujayeb, Avinash
Ausloos, Marcel
Avan, Abolfazl
Aweke, Amlaku Mulat
Ayele, Getnet Melaku
Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad
Azadnajafabad, Sina
Azevedo, Rui M S
Azzam, Ahmed Y
Badar, Muhammad
Badiye, Ashish D
Baghdadi, Soroush
Bagheri, Nasser
Bagherieh, Sara
Bahmanziari, Najmeh
Bai, Ruhai
Baig, Atif Amin
Baker, Jennifer L
Bako, Abdulaziz T
Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur
Balasubramanian, Madhan
Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
Bam, Kiran
Banach, Maciej
Bandyopadhyay, Soham
Banik, Biswajit
Banik, Palash Chandra
Bansal, Hansi
Baran, Mehmet Firat
Barchitta, Martina
Bardhan, Mainak
Bardideh, Erfan
Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barone-Adesi, Francesco
Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat
Barrow, Amadou
Barteit, Sandra
Basharat, Zarrin
Bashir, Asma'u I J
Bashiru, Hameed Akande
Basiru, Afisu
Basso, João Diogo
Basu, Sanjay
Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad
Batra, Kavita
Baune, Bernhard T
Bayati, Mohsen
Begum, Tahmina
Behboudi, Emad
Behnoush, Amir Hossein
Beiranvand, Maryam
Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda
Bekele, Alehegn
Belay, Sefealem Assefa
Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal
Bell, Michelle L
Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja
Beloukas, Apostolos
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berezvai, Zombor
Berhie, Alemshet Yirga
Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C
Bettencourt, Paulo J G
Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
Bhardwaj, Nikha
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Bhardwaj, Prarthna V
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhat, Vivek
Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur
Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh
Bhatti, Manpreet S
Bhatti, Rajbir
Biondi, Antonio
Bisignano, Catherine
Biswas, Atanu
Biswas, Raaj Kishore
Bitra, Veera R
Bjørge, Tone
Bliss, Elye
Boachie, Micheal Kofi
Bobirca, Anca Vasilica
Bodolica, Virginia
Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan
Bogale, Eyob Ketema
Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw
Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad
Bora Basara, Berrak
Bouaoud, Souad
Braithwaite, Dejana
Brauer, Michael
Breitborde, Nicholas J K
Bryazka, Dana
Bulamu, Norma B
Buonsenso, Danilo
Burkart, Katrin
Burns, Richard A
Bustanji, Yasser
Butt, Nadeem Shafique
Butt, Zahid A
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Calina, Daniela
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R
Cao, Fan
Cao, Shujin
Capodici, Angelo
Carreras, Giulia
Carugno, Andrea
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A
Castelpietra, Giulio
Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia
Caye, Arthur
Cegolon, Luca
Cembranel, Francieli
Cerin, Ester
Chadwick, Joshua
Chahine, Yaacoub
Chakraborty, Chiranjib
Chalek, Julian
Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai
Charalampous, Periklis
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chaturvedi, Sarika
Chavula, Malizgani Paul
Chen, An-Tian
Chen, Haowei
Chen, Simiao
Chi, Gerald
Chichagi, Fatemeh
Chien, Ju-Huei
Ching, Patrick R
Cho, William C S
Choi, Sungchul
Chong, Bryan
Chopra, Hitesh
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Christopher, Devasahayam J
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Chukwu, Isaac Sunday
Chung, Eric
Chung, Sheng-Chia
Cindi, Zinhle
Cioffi, Iolanda
Ciuffreda, Raffaela
Claro, Rafael M
Coberly, Kaleb
Columbus, Alyssa
Comfort, Haley
Conde, Joao
Criqui, Michael H
Cruz-Martins, Natália
Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali
Dadana, Sriharsha
Dadras, Omid
Dahiru, Tukur
Dai, Zhaoli
Dalton, Bronte
Damiani, Giovanni
Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
Das, Jai K
Das, Saswati
Dashti, Mohsen
Dastiridou, Anna
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
Davletov, Kairat
Debele, Aklilu Tamire
Debopadhaya, Shayom
Delavari, Somayeh
Delgado-Enciso, Ivan
Demeke, Dessalegn
Demessa, Berecha Hundessa
Deng, Xinlei
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Deribe, Kebede
Dervenis, Nikolaos
Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai
Desai, Rupak
Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
Dhali, Arkadeep
Dhama, Kuldeep
Dhimal, Meghnath
Dhulipala, Vishal R
Dias da Silva, Diana
Diaz, Daniel
Diaz, Michael J
Dima, Adriana
Ding, Delaney D
Dirac, M Ashworth
Do, Thanh Chi
Do, Thao Huynh Phuong
do Prado, Camila Bruneli
Dohare, Sushil
Dong, Wanyue
D'Oria, Mario
dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque
Doshmangir, Leila
Dowou, Robert Kokou
Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea
Dsouza, Haneil Larson
Dsouza, Viola
Dube, John
Duprey, Joe
Duraes, Andre Rodrigues
Duraisamy, Senbagam
Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher
Dutta, Sulagna
Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura
Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka
Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian
Ebrahimi, Alireza
Edinur, Hisham Atan
Edvardsson, Kristina
Efendi, Ferry
Eikemo, Terje Andreas
Ekholuenetale, Michael
El Tantawi, Maha
Elemam, Noha Mousaad
ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik
Elhadi, Muhammed
Elilo, Legesse Tesfaye
Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
Elmonem, Mohamed A
Elshaer, Mohammed
Elsohaby, Ibrahim
Emami Zeydi, Amir
Engelbert Bain, Luchuo
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Esposito, Francesco
Estep, Kara
Etaee, Farshid
Fabin, Natalia
Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
Fahimi, Saman
Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Aliasghar
Falzone, Luca
Faramarzi, Ali
Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
Farmer, Sam
Faro, Andre
Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara
Fatehizadeh, Ali
Fauk, Nelsensius Klau
Fazeli, Pooria
Feigin, Valery L
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
Feroze, Abdullah Hamid
Ferrara, Pietro
Ferreira, Nuno
Fetensa, Getahun
Filip, Irina
Fischer, Florian
Flavel, Joanne
Foigt, Nataliya A
Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich
Foroutan, Behzad
Foschi, Matteo
Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael
Francis, Kate Louise
Freitas, Alberto
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Fuller, John E
Fux, Blima
Gaal, Peter Andras
Gadanya, Muktar A
Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
Galali, Yaseen
Gallus, Silvano
Gandhi, Aravind P
Ganesan, Balasankar
Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat
Garcia-Gordillo, M.A.
Garg, Naval
Gautam, Rupesh K
Gazzelloni, Federica
Gbadamosi, Semiu Olatunde
Gebregergis, Miglas W
Gebrehiwot, Mesfin
Gebremariam, Tesfay Brhane
Gebremariam, Tesfay B B
Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
Geda, Yohannes Fikadu
Georgescu, Simona Roxana
Gerema, Urge
Geremew, Habtamu
Getachew, Motuma Erena
Gething, Peter W
Ghasemi, MohammadReza
Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal
Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh
Ghassemi, Fariba
Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed
Ghimire, Sailaja
Gholamian, Asadollah
Gholamrezanezhad, Ali
Ghorbani, Mahsa
Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal
Ghuge, Arun Digambarrao
Gil, Artyom Urievich
Gill, Tiffany K
Giorgi, Matteo
Girmay, Alem
Glasbey, James C
Göbölös, Laszlo
Goel, Amit
Golchin, Ali
Golechha, Mahaveer
Goleij, Pouya
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Goudarzi, Houman
Goulart, Alessandra C
Goyal, Anmol
Graham, Simon Matthew
Grivna, Michal
Guan, Shi-Yang
Guarducci, Giovanni
Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa
Guicciardi, Stefano
Gulati, Snigdha
Gulisashvili, David
Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga
Guo, Cui
Gupta, Anish Kumar
Gupta, Bhawna
Gupta, Manoj Kumar
Gupta, Mohak
Gupta, Sapna
Gupta, Veer Bala
Gupta, Vijai Kumar
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Haakenstad, Annie
Habibzadeh, Farrokh
Hadi, Najah R
Haep, Nils
Hajibeygi, Ramtin
Haller, Sebastian
Halwani, Rabih
Hamadeh, Randah R
Hamdy, Nadia M
Hameed, Sajid
Hamidi, Samer
Han, Qiuxia
Handal, Alexis J
Hankey, Graeme J
Haque, Md Nuruzzaman
Haro, Josep Maria
Hasaballah, Ahmed I
Hasan, Ikramul
Hasan, Mohammad Jahid
Hasan, S.M. Mahmudul
Hasani, Hamidreza
Hasnain, Md Saquib
Hassan, Amr
Hassan, Ikrama
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassankhani, Hadi
Hay, Simon I
Hebert, Jeffrey J
Hegazi, Omar E
Heidari, Mohammad
Helfer, Bartosz
Hemmati, Mehdi
Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana
Herteliu, Claudiu
Hessami, Kamran
Hezam, Kamal
Hiraike, Yuta
Hoan, Nguyen Quoc
Holla, Ramesh
Horita, Nobuyuki
Hossain, Md Mahbub
Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain
Hosseinzadeh, Hassan
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Mihaela
Hostiuc, Sorin
Hsairi, Mohamed
Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong
Hu, Chengxi
Huang, Junjie
Huda, M Mamun
Humayun, Ayesha
Hussain, Javid
Hussein, Nawfal R
Huynh, Hong-Han
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Ilic, Irena M
Ilic, Milena D
Immurana, Mustapha
Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
Iqbal, Afrin
Islam, Md. Rabiul
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Iwagami, Masao
Iyer, Mahalaxmi
J, Linda Merin
Jaafari, Jalil
Jacob, Louis
Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad
Jaggi, Khushleen
Jahankhani, Kasra
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jahrami, Haitham
Jain, Akhil
Jain, Nityanand
Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Jamshidi, Elham
Javadov, Sabzali
Javaheri, Tahereh
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jee, Sun Ha
Jeganathan, Jayakumar
Jha, Anil K
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jiang, Heng
Jokar, Mohammad
Jonas, Jost B
Joo, Tamas
Joseph, Nitin
Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Jürisson, Mikk
K, Vaishali
Kaambwa, Billingsley
Kabir, Abdulkareem
Kabir, Ali
Kabir, Hannaneh
Kabir, Zubair
Kalani, Rizwan
Kalankesh, Leila R
Kaliyadan, Feroze
Kalra, Sanjay
Kamath, Rajesh
Kamath, Sagarika
Kanchan, Tanuj
Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam
Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem
Kannan S, Suthanthira
Kansal, Sushil Kumar
Kantar, Rami S
Kapoor, Neeti
Karajizadeh, Mehrdad
Karami, Manoochehr
Karaye, Ibraheem M
Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar
Kasraei, Hengameh
Kassebaum, Nicholas J
Kassel, Molly B
Kauppila, Joonas H
Kazemi, Foad
Kazeminia, sara
Kempen, John H
Kendal, Evie Shoshannah
Keshtkar, Kamyab
Keykhaei, Mohammad
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalaji, Amirmohammad
Khalid, Nauman
Khalil, Anees Ahmed
Khalilian, Alireza
Khamesipour, Faham
Khan, Ajmal
Khan, Asaduzzaman
Khan, Ikramullah
Khan, M Nuruzzaman
Khan, Maseer
Khan, Mohammad Jobair
Khan, Moien AB
Khang, Young-Ho
Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh
Khatab, Khaled
Khavandegar, Armin
Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza
Khidri, Feriha Fatima
Khormali, Moein
Khosravi, Mohammad Ali
Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood
Kidane, Wondwosen Teklesilasie
Kifle, Zemene Demelash
Kim, Julie Sojin
Kim, Min Seo
Kimokoti, Ruth W
Kinzel, Kasey E
Kiross, Girmay Tsegay
Kisa, Adnan
Kisa, Sezer
Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
Kompani, Farzad
Koren, Gerbrand
Korzh, Oleksii
Kosen, Soewarta
Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi
Krishan, Kewal
Krishna, Varun
Krishnamoorthy, Vijay
Kuate Defo, Barthelemy
Kubeisy, Connor M
Kucuk Bicer, Burcu
Kuddus, Md Abdul
Kuddus, Mohammed
Kuitunen, Ilari
Kulimbet, Mukhtar
Kumar, Harish
Kundu, Satyajit
Kunle, Kunle Rotimi
Kurmi, Om P
Kusnali, Asep
Kusuma, Dian
Kyei, Evans F
Kyriopoulos, Ilias
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lacey, Ben
Ladan, Muhammad Awwal
Laflamme, Lucie
Lahariya, Chandrakant
Lai, Daphne Teck Ching
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
Lalloo, Ratilal
Lám, Judit
Lamnisos, Demetris
Landires, Iván
Lanfranchi, Francesco
Langguth, Berthold
Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane
Larson, Heidi Jane
Larsson, Anders O
Lasrado, Savita
Latief, Kamaluddin
Latifinaibin, Kaveh
Le, Long Khanh Dao
Le, Nhi Huu Hanh
Le, Trang Diep Thanh
Ledda, Caterina
Lee, Munjae
Lee, Paul H
Lee, Seung Won
Lee, Yo Han
Lema, Gebretsadik Kiros
Leong, Elvynna
Lerango, Temesgen L
Li, An
Li, Ming-Chieh
Li, Shanshan
Li, Wei
Li, Xiaopan
Ligade, Virendra S
Lim, Stephen S
Lin, Ro-Ting
Lindstedt, Paulina A
Listl, Stefan
Liu, Gang
Liu, Jue
Liu, Xiaofeng
Liu, Xuefeng
Liu, Yuewei
Llanaj, Erand
López-Bueno, Rubén
Lopukhov, Platon D
Lorenzovici, László
Lotufo, Paulo A
Lubinda, Jailos
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Lugo, Alessandra
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Lv, Hengliang
Ma, Zheng Feei
Maass, Kelsey Lynn
Machoy, Monika
Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M
Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed
Maghazachi, Azzam A
Mahjoub, Soleiman
Mahmoud, Mansour Adam
Majeed, Azeem
Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N
Malakan Rad, Elaheh
Malhotra, Kashish
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Malik, Iram
Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mamun, Abdullah A
Manla, Yosef
Mansoori, Yasaman
Mansour, Ali
Mansouri, Borhan
Mansouri, Zeinab
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Maravilla, Joemer C
Marino, Mirko
Marjani, Abdoljalal
Martinez, Gabriel
Martinez-Piedra, Ramon
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio
Martorell, Miquel
Maryam, Sharmeen
Marzo, Roy Rillera
Masoudi, Alireza
Mattumpuram, Jishanth
Maude, Richard James
Maugeri, Andrea
May, Erin A
Mayeli, Mahsa
Mazaheri, Maryam
McGrath, John J
McKee, Martin
McKowen, Anna Laura Wensel
McLaughlin, Susan A
McPhail, Steven M
Mehra, Rahul
Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran
Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar
Mekene Meto, Tesfahun
Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Mendez
Mendoza, Walter
Menezes, Ritesh G
Mensah, George A
Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A
Meo, Sultan Ayoub
Merati, Mohsen
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J
Mersha, Abera M
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Metanat, Pouya
Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi
Mettananda, Sachith
Mhlanga, Adquate
Mhlanga, Laurette
Mi, Tianyue
Miazgowski, Tomasz
Micha, Georgia
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Miller, Ted R
Minh, Le Huu Nhat
Mirghafourvand, Mojgan
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M
Mirutse, Mizan Kiros
Mirza, Moonis
Mirzaei, Roya
Mishra, Ashim
Misra, Sanjeev
Mitchell, Philip B
Mittal, Chaitanya
Moazen, Babak
Mohamed, Abdalla Z
Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail
Mohamed, Jama
Mohamed, Mouhand F H
Mohamed, Nouh Saad
Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh
Mohammadi, Soheil
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammed, Mustapha
Mohammed, Salahuddin
Mohammed, Shafiu
Mokdad, Ali H
Mokhtarzadehazar, Peyman
Molavi Vardanjani, Hossein
Molinaro, Sabrina
Monasta, Lorenzo
Moni, Mohammad Ali
Moradi, Maryam
Moradi, Yousef
Moraga, Paula
Moreira, Rafael Silveira
Morovatdar, Negar
Morrison, Shane Douglas
Morze, Jakub
Mosapour, Abbas
Mossialos, Elias
Motappa, Rohith
Mousavi, Parsa
Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine
Mubarik, Sumaira
Muccioli, Lorenzo
Mulita, Francesk
Munjal, Kavita
Murillo-Zamora, Efrén
Musa, Jonah
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Yesodharan, Renjulal
Yesuf, Subah Abderehim
Yezli, Saber
Yigezu, Amanuel
Yip, Paul
Yon, Dong Keon
Yonemoto, Naohiro
You, Yuyi
Younis, Mustafa Z
Yousefi, Zabihollah
Yu, Chuanhua
Yu, Yong
Yuan, Chun-Wei
Zafari, Nima
Zakham, Fathiah
Zaki, Nazar
Zamagni, Giulia
Zandi, Milad
Zandieh, Ghazal G Z
Zangiabadian, Moein
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zhang, Haijun
Zhang, Meixin
Zhang, Yunquan
Zhong, Chenwen
Zhou, Juexiao
Zhu, Bin
Zhu, Lei
Zielińska, Magdalena
Zou, Zhiyong
Zyoud, Samer H
Murray, Christopher J L
Smith, Amanda E
Vollset, Stein Emil
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Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios. MethodsTo estimate fertility indicators from 1950 to 2021, mixed-effects regression models and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression were used to synthesise data from 8709 country-years of vital and sample registrations, 1455 surveys and censuses, and 150 other sources, and to generate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for 5-year age groups from age 10 years to 54 years. ASFRs were summed across age groups to produce estimates of total fertility rate (TFR). Livebirths were calculated by multiplying ASFR and age-specific female population, then summing across ages 10–54 years. To forecast future fertility up to 2100, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR. CCF50 was modelled using an ensemble approach in which three sub-models (with two, three, and four covariates variously consisting of female educational attainment, contraceptive met need, population density in habitable areas, and under-5 mortality) were given equal weights, and analyses were conducted utilising the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. To capture time-series trends in CCF50 not explained by these covariates, we used a first-order autoregressive model on the residual term. CCF50 as a proportion of each 5-year ASFR was predicted using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed-effects covariates (female educational attainment and contraceptive met need) and random intercepts for geographical regions. Projected TFRs were then computed for each calendar year as the sum of single-year ASFRs across age groups. The reference forecast is our estimate of the most likely fertility future given the model, past fertility, forecasts of covariates, and historical relationships between covariates and fertility. We additionally produced forecasts for multiple alternative scenarios in each location: the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for education is achieved by 2030; the contraceptive met need SDG is achieved by 2030; pro-natal policies are enacted to create supportive environments for those who give birth; and the previous three scenarios combined. Uncertainty from past data inputs and model estimation was propagated throughout analyses by taking 1000 draws for past and present fertility estimates and 500 draws for future forecasts from the estimated distribution for each metric, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) given as the 2·5 and 97·5 percentiles of the draws. To evaluate the forecasting performance of our model and others, we computed skill values—a metric assessing gain in forecasting accuracy—by comparing predicted versus observed ASFRs from the past 15 years (2007–21). A positive skill metric indicates that the model being evaluated performs better than the baseline model (here, a simplified model holding 2007 values constant in the future), and a negative metric indicates that the evaluated model performs worse than baseline. FindingsDuring the period from 1950 to 2021, global TFR more than halved, from 4·84 (95% UI 4·63–5·06) to 2·23 (2·09–2·38). Global annual livebirths peaked in 2016 at 142 million (95% UI 137–147), declining to 129 million (121–138) in 2021. Fertility rates declined in all countries and territories since 1950, with TFR remaining above 2·1—canonically considered replacement-level fertility—in 94 (46·1%) countries and territories in 2021. This included 44 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which was the super-region with the largest share of livebirths in 2021 (29·2% [28·7–29·6]). 47 countries and territories in which lowest estimated fertility between 1950 and 2021 was below replacement experienced one or more subsequent years with higher fertility; only three of these locations rebounded above replacement levels. Future fertility rates were projected to continue to decline worldwide, reaching a global TFR of 1·83 (1·59–2·08) in 2050 and 1·59 (1·25–1·96) in 2100 under the reference scenario. The number of countries and territories with fertility rates remaining above replacement was forecast to be 49 (24·0%) in 2050 and only six (2·9%) in 2100, with three of these six countries included in the 2021 World Bank-defined low-income group, all located in the GBD super-region of sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of livebirths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa was forecast to increase to more than half of the world's livebirths in 2100, to 41·3% (39·6–43·1) in 2050 and 54·3% (47·1–59·5) in 2100. The share of livebirths was projected to decline between 2021 and 2100 in most of the six other super-regions—decreasing, for example, in south Asia from 24·8% (23·7–25·8) in 2021 to 16·7% (14·3–19·1) in 2050 and 7·1% (4·4–10·1) in 2100—but was forecast to increase modestly in the north Africa and Middle East and high-income super-regions. Forecast estimates for the alternative combined scenario suggest that meeting SDG targets for education and contraceptive met need, as well as implementing pro-natal policies, would result in global TFRs of 1·65 (1·40–1·92) in 2050 and 1·62 (1·35–1·95) in 2100. The forecasting skill metric values for the IHME model were positive across all age groups, indicating that the model is better than the constant prediction. InterpretationFertility is declining globally, with rates in more than half of all countries and territories in 2021 below replacement level. Trends since 2000 show considerable heterogeneity in the steepness of declines, and only a small number of countries experienced even a slight fertility rebound after their lowest observed rate, with none reaching replacement level. Additionally, the distribution of livebirths across the globe is shifting, with a greater proportion occurring in the lowest-income countries. Future fertility rates will continue to decline worldwide and will remain low even under successful implementation of pro-natal policies. These changes will have far-reaching economic and societal consequences due to ageing populations and declining workforces in higher-income countries, combined with an increasing share of livebirths among the already poorest regions of the world. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Ahmad, Muayyad M; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Shahzaib; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Safoora; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Akrami, Ashley E; Akter, Ema; Al Awaidy, Salah; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Al Mosa, Amjad S; Al Ta'ani, Omar; Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed; Alahdab, Fares; Alajlani, Muaaz M; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan; Alalalmeh, Samer O; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore; Alam, Tahiya; Alam, Zufishan; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M; Albakri, Almaza; Aldhaleei, Wafa A; Aldridge, Robert W; Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman; Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled; Ali, Abid; Ali, Amjad; Ali, Iman; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Ali, Victor Ekoche; Ali, Waad; Al-Ibraheem, Akram; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alla, François; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen; Alrawashdeh, Ahmad; Alrousan, Sahel Majed; Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah; Alsabri, Mohammed A; Altaany, Zaid; Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Aluh, Deborah Oyine; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif; Alzoubi, Karem H; Al-Zyoud, Walid; Amani, Reza; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amiri, Sohrab; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein; Amu, Hubert; Amugsi, Dickson A; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; Anderson, David B; Andrade, Pedro Prata; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Andrews, Erick Adrian; Anil, Abhishek; Anil, Sneha; Anoushiravani, Amir; Antony, Catherine M; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen; Anvari, Saeid; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Appiah, Francis; Aquilano, Michele; Arab, Juan Pablo; Arabloo, Jalal; Arafa, Elshaimaa A; Arafat, Mosab; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Ardekani, Ali; Areda, Demelash; Aregawi, Brhane Berhe; Aremu, Abdulfatai; Ariffin, Hany; Arkew, Mesay; Armani, Keivan; Artamonov, Anton A; Arumugam, Ashokan; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashbaugh, Charlie; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Awad, Hamzeh; Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu; Ayatollahi, Haleh; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azeez, Fahad Khan; Azevedo, Rui M S; Badar, Muhammad; Baghdadi, Soroush; Bagheri, Mahboube; Bagheri, Nasser; Bai, Ruhai; Baker, Jennifer L; Bako, Abdulaziz T; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Balcha, Wondu Feyisa; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Barchitta, Martina; Bardideh, Erfan; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barteit, Sandra; Basiru, Afisu; Basso, João Diogo; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Basu, Sanjay; Bauckneht, Matteo; Baune, Bernhard T; Bayati, Mohsen; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Behzadi, Payam; Beiranvand, Maryam; Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja; Belo, Luis; Beloukas, Apostolos; Bemanalizadeh, Maryam; Bensenor, Isabela M; Benzian, Habib; Beran, Azizullah; Berezvai, Zombor; Bernstein, Robert S; Bettencourt, Paulo J G; Beyene, Kebede A; Beyene, Melak Gedamu; Bhagat, Devidas S; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bharadwaj, Ravi; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhargava, Ashish; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Vivek; Bhattacharjee, Natalia V; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bhatti, Manpreet S; Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed; Bisignano, Catherine; Biswas, Bijit; Bjørge, Tone; Bodolica, Virginia; Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan; Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad; Bora Basara, Berrak; Borhany, Hamed; Bosoka, Samuel Adolf; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Bouaoud, Souad; Boufous, Soufiane; Boxe, Christopher; Boyko, Edward J; Brady, Oliver J; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Brenner, Hermann; Brown, Colin Stewart; Browne, Annie J; Brugha, Traolach; Bryazka, Dana; Bulamu, Norma B; Buonsenso, Danilo; Burkart, Katrin; Burns, Richard A; Busse, Reinhard; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Zahid A; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Çakmak Barsbay, Mehtap; Calina, Daniela; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Cao, Shujin; Capodici, Angelo; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carugno, Andrea; Carvalho, Márcia; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Castelpietra, Giulio; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cembranel, Francieli; Cenko, Edina; Cerin, Ester; Chadban, Steven J; Chadwick, Joshua; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chalek, Julian; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chandy, Sara; Charan, Jaykaran; Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad; Chaurasia, Akhilanand; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Meng Xuan; Chen, Simiao; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Ching, Patrick R; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Cho, William C S; Choi, Dong-Woo; Chong, Bryan; Chong, Chean Lin; Chopra, Hitesh; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chung, Eric; Chutiyami, Muhammad; Clayton, Justin T; Cogen, Rebecca M; Cohen, Aaron J; Columbus, Alyssa; Comfort, Haley; Conde, Joao; Connolly, Jon T; Cooper, Ezra E K; Cortese, Samuele; Cruz-Martins, Natália; da Silva, Alanna Gomes; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dai, Zhaoli; Dalton, Bronte E; Damiani, Giovanni; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Das, Jai K; Das, Saswati; Das, Subasish; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Davletov, Kairat; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; De Leo, Diego; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhane, Amol S; Dhingra, Sameer; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Diaz, Luis Antonio; Diaz, Michael J; Dima, Adriana; Ding, Delaney D; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; do Prado, Camila Bruneli; Dodangeh, Masoud; Dodangeh, Milad; Doegah, Phidelia Theresa; Dohare, Sushil; Dong, Wanyue; D'Oria, Mario; Doshi, Rajkumar; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dsouza, Viola; Dube, John; Dumith, Samuel C; Duncan, Bruce B; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Dushpanova, Anar; Dutta, Sulagna; Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Eboreime, Ejemai; Ebrahimi, Alireza; Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Efendi, Ferry; Eikemo, Terje Andreas; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; El Arab, Rabie Adel; El Sayed, Iman; Elamin, Osman; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmoselhi, Adel B; Elshaer, Mohammed; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Eltahir, Mohd. Elmagzoub; Emeto, Theophilus I; Eshrati, Babak; Eslami, Majid; Esmaeili, Zahra; Fabin, Natalia; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fagbule, Omotayo Francis; Falzone, Luca; Fareed, Mohammad; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Faro, Andre; Fasihi, Kiana; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Fazylov, Timur; Feigin, Valery L; Fekadu, Ginenus; Feng, Xiaoqi; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferreira, Nuno; Firew, Belete Sewasew; Fischer, Florian; Fitriana, Ida; Flavel, Joanne; Flor, Luisa S; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Foley, Kristen Marie; Fonzo, Marco; Force, Lisa M; Foschi, Matteo; Freitas, Alberto; Fridayani, Ni Kadek Yuni; Fukutaki, Kai Glenn; Furtado, João M; Fux, Blima; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gallus, Silvano; Ganesan, Balasankar; Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gebi, Tilaye Gebru; Gebregergis, Miglas W; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Getacher, Lemma; Getahun, Genanew K A; Gething, Peter W; Ghadimi, Delaram J; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghafarian, Sadegh; Ghailan, Khalid Yaser; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Ghoba, Sama; Gholami, Ehsan; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Gholizadeh, Nasim; Ghorbani, Mahsa; Ghorbani Vajargah, Pooyan; Ghotbi, Elena; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Gill, Tiffany K; Girmay, Alem; Glasbey, James C; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Gnedovskaya, Elena V; Göbölös, Laszlo; Goldust, Mohamad; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goulart, Alessandra C; Gouravani, Mahdi; Goyal, Anmol; Grivna, Michal; Grosso, Giuseppe; Guarducci, Giovanni; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Guicciardi, Stefano; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Gulati, Snigdha; Gulisashvili, David; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Guo, Cui; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Renu; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Haakenstad, Annie; Hadi, Najah R; Haep, Nils; Hafiz, Abdul; Haghmorad, Dariush; Haile, Demewoz; Hajj Ali, Adel; Hajj Ali, Ali; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Halboub, Esam S; Haller, Sebastian; Halwani, Rabih; Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan; Hamdy, Nadia M; Hamoudi, Rifat; Hanifi, Nasrin; Hankey, Graeme J; Haq, Zaim Anan; Haque, Md Rabiul; Harapan, Harapan; Hargono, Arief; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, S. M. Mahmudul; Hasanian, Mohammad; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Haubold, Johannes; Hay, Simon I; Hebert, Jeffrey J; Hegazi, Omar E; Heidari, Mohammad; Hemmati, Mehdi; Henson, Claire A; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydari, Majid; Hezam, Kamal; Hidayana, Irma; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Holla, Ramesh; Hoogar, Praveen; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Chengxi; Huang, Junjie; Hultström, Michael; Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes; Hunt, Aliza J; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hussain, Javid; Hussain, M. Azhar; Hussein, Nawfal R; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria; Ikiroma, Adalia I; Ikwegbue, Paul Chukwudi; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Isa, Mustafa Alhaji; Islam, Md. Rabiul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Faisal; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Jacob, Louis; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jafarinia, Morteza; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakhmola Mani, Dr Ruchi; Jamil, Safayet; Jamora, Roland Dominic G; Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim; Javadov, Sabzali; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayaram, Shubha; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeganathan, Jayakumar; Jiang, Heng; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jürisson, Mikk; K, Vaishali; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kalankesh, Laleh R; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamath, Rajesh; Kamireddy, Arun; Kanaan, Mona; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kansal, Sushil Kumar; Karim, Asima; Karkhah, Samad; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassel, Molly B; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kaur, Harkiran; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi, Foad; Kazemian, Sina; Kebede, Fassikaw; Kendal, Evie Shoshannah; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Khademvatan, Shahram; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khalid, Asaad; Khalid, Nauman; Khalilian, Alireza; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, Fayaz; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Khan, Moien AB; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Kheirallah, Khalid A; Khokhar, Manoj; Khormali, Moein; Khorrami, Zahra; Khosla, Atulya Aman; Khosravi, Majid; Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Grace; Kim, Julie Sojin; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Knibbs, Luke D; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kochhar, Sonali; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Koren, Gerbrand; Korzh, Oleksii; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuitunen, Ilari; Kujan, Omar; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Harish; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Vijay; Kundu, Amartya; Kusuma, Dian; Kyei-Arthur, Frank; Kytö, Ville; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Laflamme, Lucie; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lám, Judit; Lan, Qing; Lan, Tuo; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Langguth, Berthold; Lansingh, Van Charles; Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Lauriola, Paolo; Lawlor, Hilary R; Le, Huu-Hoai; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Leasher, Janet L; Lee, Doo Woong; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Yo Han; Leigh, James; Leong, Elvynna; Li, Ming-Chieh; Libra, Massimo; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S; Limenh, Liknaw Workie; Lindholm, Daniel; Lindstedt, Paulina A; Listl, Stefan; Liu, Gang; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Shuke; Liu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Xuefeng; Llanaj, Erand; López-Bueno, Rubén; López-Gil, José Francisco; Loreche, Arianna Maever; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lozano, Rafael; Lubinda, Jailos; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Luo, Lisha; Lusk, Jay B; Lv, Lei; M Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim; Ma, Zheng Feei; Maass, Kelsey Lynn; Machairas, Nikolaos; Machoy, Monika; Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M; Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan; Maghazachi, Azzam A; Mahadeshwara Prasad, D.R.; Mahalleh, Mehrdad; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mahmoud, Mansour Adam; Mahmoudi, Elham; Mahmoudvand, Golnaz; Makama, Maureen; Malakan Rad, Elaheh; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manla, Yosef; Mansour, Ali; Mansouri, Mohammad Hadi; Mansouri, Pejman; Mansouri, Vahid; Mansourian, Marjan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Marasini, Bishnu P; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Maravilla, Joemer C; Mardi, Parham; Marjani, Abdoljalal; Markazi Moghadam, Hamed; Marrugo Arnedo, Carlos Alberto; Martinez, Gabriel; Martinez-Piedra, Ramon; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Martorell, Miquel; Marx, Wolfgang; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Masoudi, Sahar; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathioudakis, Alexander G; Mathur, Medha; Mathur, Navgeet; Mathur, Neeta; Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido; Mattumpuram, Jishanth; Maude, Richard James; Maugeri, Andrea; Mayeli, Mahsa; Mazidi, Mohsen; Mazzotti, Antonio; McGrath, John J; McKee, Martin; McKowen, Anna Laura W; McPhail, Michael A; McPhail, Steven M; Mehmood, Asim; Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran; Mehravar, Sepideh; Mekene Meto, Tesfahun; Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh; Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Mendez; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mensah, George A; Mensah, Laverne G; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mersha, Abera M; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi; Mettananda, Sachith; Mhlanga, Adquate; Mhlanga, Laurette; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina; Miller, Ted R; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mirahmadi, Alireza; Mirijello, Antonio; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirzaei, Roya; Mitchell, Philip B; Mittal, Chaitanya; Moberg, Madeline E; Moghadam Fard, Atousa; Mohajelin, Seyedehfatemeh; Mohamadkhani, Ashraf; Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail; Mohamed, Jama; Mohamed, Mouhand F H; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammad, Ameen Mosa; Mohammadi, Soheil; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Mustapha; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H; Molokhia, Mariam; Momani, Shaher Mohammad; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Montazeri, Fateme; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Moreira, Rafael Silveira; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosapour, Abbas; Mosser, Jonathan F; Mossialos, Elias; Motappa, Rohith; Mougin, Vincent; Mousavi, Parsa; Mrejen, Matías; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mulita, Francesk; Munjal, Kavita; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Musallam, Khaled M; Musina, Ana-Maria; Mustafa, Ghulam; Myung, Woojae; Nafei, Ayoub; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naik, Ganesh R; Naik, Gurudatta; Nainu, Firzan; Najdaghi, Soroush; Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin; Nangia, Vinay; Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas; Nargus, Shumaila; Narimani Davani, Delaram; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Nascimento, Gustavo G; Naser, Abdallah Y; Nashwan, Abdulqadir J; Natto, Zuhair S; Nauman, Javaid; Navaratna, Samidi N K; Naveed, Muhammad; Nawsherwan; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nayak, Vinod C; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nejjari, Chakib; Nematollahi, Soroush; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Ng, Marie; Nguefack-Tsague, Georges; Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Nguyen, Anh Hoang; Nguyen, Dang H; Nguyen, Duc Hoang; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Nhan; Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, QuynhAnh P; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nguyen Tran Minh, Duc; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nigatu, Yeshambel T; Niknam, Mahdieh; Nikoobar, Ali; Nikpoor, Amin Reza; Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin; Noman, Efaq Ali; Nomura, Shuhei; Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed; Noroozi, Nafise; Nouri, Mehran; Nozari, Majid; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Ntaios, George; Nunemo, Mengistu H; Nurrika, Dieta; Nutor, Jerry John; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Obamiro, Kehinde O; Odetokun, Ismail A; Oduro, Michael Safo; Ogundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu; Ogunfowokan, Adesola Adenike; Ogunkoya, Abiola; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Oh, In-Hwan; Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olatubi, Matthew Idowu; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Oluwafemi, Yinka Doris; Omar, Hany A; Omer, Goran Latif; Ong, Sokking; Onie, Sandersan; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Opejin, Abdulahi Opejin; Ordak, Michal; Orish, Verner N; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Osman, Wael M S; Ostojic, Sergej M; Ostroff, Samuel M; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Otoiu, Adrian; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Ouyahia, Amel; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T; Ozair, Ahmad; P A, Mahesh Padukudru; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pal, Pramod Kumar; Palicz, Tamás; Pan, Feng; Pan, Hai-Feng; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Anamika; Pando-Robles, Victoria; Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha; Panos, Georgios D; Panos, Leonidas D; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela; Parikh, Romil R; Park, Eun-Kee; Park, Seoyeon; Park, Sungchul; Parsons, Nicholas; Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha; Pasovic, Maja; Passera, Roberto; Patel, Jay; Pathan, Aslam Ramjan; Patil, Shankargouda; Patoulias, Dimitrios; Pawar, Shrikant; Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza; Pease, Spencer A; Peden, Amy E; Pedersini, Paolo; Pensato, Umberto; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Peprah, Prince; Pereira, Marcos; Pereira, Maria Odete; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Perico, Norberto; Perna, Simone; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Pham, Hoang Tran; Philip, Anil K; Phillips, Michael R; Pigeolet, Manon; Piradov, Michael A; Pisoni, Enrico; Plotnikov, Evgenii; Poddighe, Dimitri; Polibin, Roman V; Poluru, Ramesh; Ponkilainen, Ville T; Popovic, Djordje S; Postma, Maarten J; Pour-Rashidi, Ahmad; Prabhu, Disha; Prada, Sergio I; Pradhan, Jalandhar; Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh; Prashant, Akila; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Priscilla, Tina; Purnobasuki, Hery; Purohit, Bharathi M; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; Qasim, Nameer Hashim; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qazi, Asma Saleem; Qian, Gangzhen; Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi; Rafferty, Quinn; Raggi, Alberto; Raggi, Cat; Raheem, Nasiru; Rahim, Fakher; Rahim, Md Jillur; Rahimibarghani, Sarvenaz; Rahman, Md Mijanur Mijanur Rahman; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Tafhimur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmanian, Mohammad; Rahmanian, Nazanin; Rahmati, Rahem; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Raimondo, Diego; Raja, Adarsh; Rajput, Prashant; Ramadan, Majed; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramazanu, Sheena; Ramteke, Pramod W; Rana, Kritika; Rana, Rishabh Kumar; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rane, Amey; Rao, Chythra R; Rao, Mithun; Rasella, Davide; Rashedi, Vahid; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan; 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Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed; Sadeghi, Masoumeh; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Saeed, Umar; Safi, Sher Zaman; Sagar, Rajesh; Saghafi, Alireza; Sagoe, Dominic; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Pragyan Monalisa; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Salam, Nasir; Salamati, Payman; Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa; Saleh, Mohamed A; Salehi, Leili; Salem, Marwa Rashad; Salemcity, Aanuoluwa James; Salimi, Sohrab; Samadi Kafil, Hossein; Samargandy, Saad; Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan; Sanna, Francesca; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer; Saravanan, Aswini; Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo; Sarode, Gargi Sachin; Sarode, Sachin C; Sartorius, Benn; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sayeed, Abu; Scarmeas, Nikolaos; Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael; Schinckus, Christophe; Schuermans, Art; Schumacher, Austin E; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schwebel, David C; Schwendicke, Falk; Selvaraj, Siddharthan; Semreen, Mohammad H; Senapati, Sabyasachi; Sengupta, Pallav; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; 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This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and ... -
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Jaimie D, Steinmetz; Seeher, Katrin Maria; Schiess, Nicoline; Nichols, Emma; Cao, Bochen; Servili, Chiara; Cavallera, Vanessa; Cousin, Ewerton; Hagins, Hailey; Moberg, Madeline E; Mehlman, Max L; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbas, Jaffar; Abbasi, Madineh Akram; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdollahi, Mozhan; Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin; Abd-Rabu, Rami; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abedi, Aidin; Abedi, Vida; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Abidi, Hassan; Abiodun, Olumide; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Aboyans, Victor; Abrha, Woldu Aberhe; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Aburuz, Salahdein; Adamu, Lawan Hassan; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adebayo, Oladimeji M; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adekiya, Tayo Alex; Adikusuma, Wirawan; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adra, Saryia; Afework, Tsion; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afraz, Ali; Afzal, Saira; Aghamiri, Shahin; Agodi, Antonella; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Jivan Qasim; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Ajumobi, Olufemi; Akade, Seyed Esma'il; Akbari, Morteza; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akhlaghi, Shiva; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akonde, Maxwell; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Alahdab, Fares; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Albashtawy, Mohammed; AlBataineh, Mohammad T; Aldawsari, Khalifah A; Alemi, Hediyeh; Alemi, Sharifullah; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Abid; Ali, Endale Alemayehu; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Musa Mohammed; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Shahid; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Ali, Zahid; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Aliyi, Ahmednur Adem; Aljofan, Mohamad; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alladi, Suvarna; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Almustanyir, Sami; Al-Omari, Basem; Alqahtani, Jaber S; Alqasmi, Ibrahim; Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen; Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam; Altaany, Zaid; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Aly, Safwat; Alzoubi, Karem H; Amani, Reza; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amiri, Sohrab; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein; Amu, Hubert; Amugsi, Dickson A; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Amzat, Jimoh; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; Anderson, David B; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Angappan, Dhanalakshmi; Angesom, Teklit W; Anil, Abhishek; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anwer, Razique; Arafat, Mosab; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Areda, Demelash; Ariffin, Hany; Arifin, Hidayat; Arkew, Mesay; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arooj, Mahwish; Artamonov, Anton A; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A; Asena, Tilahun Ferede; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashraf, Muhammad; Ashraf, Tahira; Atalell, Kendalem Asmare; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atinafu, Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Atreya, Alok; Aujayeb, Avinash; Avan, Abolfazl; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayatollahi, Haleh; Ayinde, Olatunde O; Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azizi, Zahra; Azizian, Khalil; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Babaei, Mahsa; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghdadi, Soroush; Bagherieh, Sara; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Balalla, Shivanthi; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Banach, Maciej; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Banerjee, Indrajit; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Barboza, Miguel A; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrow, Amadou; Bashash, Davood; Bashiri, Hamideh; Bashiru, Hameed Akande; Basiru, Afisu; Basso, João Diogo; Basu, Sanjay; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Batra, Kavita; Baune, Bernhard T; Bedi, Neeraj; Begde, Ahmet; Begum, Tahmina; Behnam, Babak; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Beiranvand, Maryam; Béjot, Yannick; Bekele, Alehegn; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bemanalizadeh, Maryam; Bender, Rose G; 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Catalá-López, Ferrán; Catapano, Alberico L; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cenderadewi, Muthia; Cerin, Ester; Chacón-Uscamaita, Pamela R Uscamaita; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chanie, Gashaw Sisay; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw; Chen, Hui; Chen, Jianqi; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Ching, Patrick R; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Chong, Yuen Yu; Chopra, Hitesh; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eric; Coberly, Kaleb; Columbus, Alyssa; Comachio, Josielli; Conde, Joao; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Couto, Rosa A S; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Dabbagh Ohadi, Mohammad Amin; Dadana, Sriharsha; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dai, Zhaoli; D'Amico, Emanuele; Danawi, Hadi A; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darwish, Amira Hamed; Das, Saswati; Das, Subasish; Dascalu, Ana Maria; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dashti, Mohsen; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro; De Leo, Diego; Dean, Frances E; Dehghan, Amin; Dehghan, Azizallah; Dejene, Hiwot; Demant, Daniel; Demetriades, Andreas K; Demissie, Solomon; Deng, Xinlei; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Dibas, Mahmoud; Ding, Delaney D; Dinu, Monica; Dirac, M Ashworth; Diress, Mengistie; Do, Thanh Chi; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; Doan, Khanh Duy Khanh; Dodangeh, Milad; Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy; Dokova, Klara Georgieva; Dongarwar, Deepa; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dube, John; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Dutta, Sulagna; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Eissazade, Negin; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; El Nahas, Nevine; El Sayed, Iman; Elahi Najafi, Mohammad Amin; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; Elgar, Frank J; Elgendy, Islam Y; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elilo, Legesse Tesfaye; Ellenbogen, Richard G; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem, Mohamed A; Elshaer, Mohammed; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Emamverdi, Mehdi; Emeto, Theophilus I; Endres, Matthias; Esezobor, Christopher Imokhuede; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Fadaei, Abdolmajid; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Faramarzi, Ali; Fares, Jawad; Farjoud Kouhanjani, Mohsen; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fathi, Mobina; Fathi, Saeid; Fatima, Syeda Anum Fatima; Feizkhah, Alireza; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Ferrari, Alize J; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Firouraghi, Neda; Fischer, Florian; Fonseca, Ana Catarina; Force, Lisa M; Fornari, Arianna; Foroutan, Behzad; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Galali, Yaseen; Galehdar, Nasrin; Gan, Quan; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Gardner, William M; Garg, Naval; Gau, Shuo-Yan; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gebre, Teshome; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn; Gebreslassie, Haftay Gebremedhin; Getacher, Lemma; Ghaderi Yazdi, Bardiya; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz; Ghanbari, Reza; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Ghimire, Sailaja; Gholami, Ali; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghotbi, Elena; Ghozy, Sherief; Gialluisi, Alessandro; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Glasstetter, Logan M; Gnedovskaya, Elena V; Golchin, Ali; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Gomes-Neto, Mansueto; Goulart, Alessandra C; Goyal, Anmol; Gray, Richard J; Grivna, Michal; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Guan, Bin; Guarducci, Giovanni; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Guo, Hanbing; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Hachinski, Vladimir; Haddadi, Rasool; Hadei, Mostafa; Hadi, Najah R; Haep, Nils; Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Hall, Brian J; Halwani, Rabih; Hameed, Sajid; Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad; Hammoud, Ahmad; Han, Hannah; Hanifi, Nasrin; Hankey, Graeme J; Hannan, Md. Abdul; Hao, Junwei; Harapan, Harapan; Hareru, Habtamu Endashaw; Hargono, Arief; Harlianto, Netanja I.; Haro, Josep Maria; Hartman, Nicholas Nathaniel; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hasan, Faizul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hasanian, Mohammad; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Mohammed Bheser; Haubold, Johannes; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza; Hesami, Hamed; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoffman, Howard J; Holla, Ramesh; Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Md. Belal; Hossain, Sahadat; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Chengxi; Huang, Junjie; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Hussain, Javid; Hussein, Nawfal R; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilaghi, Mehran; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Iravanpour, Farideh; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Faisal; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie C D; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Jaan, Ali; Jacob, Louis; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad; Jafari, Mahboobeh; Jafarinia, Morteza; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahrami, Haitham; Jaiswal, Abhishek; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamora, Roland Dominic G; Jana, Somnath; Javadi, Nilofer; Javed, Saad; Javeed, Saad; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jiang, Heng; Johnson, Catherine Owens; Johnson, Walter D; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Abel; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kabito, Gebisa Guyasa; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kafi, Fatemeh; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalantar, Farnaz; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamath, Sagarika; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Amit; Kandel, Himal; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Karajizadeh, Mehrdad; Karami, Jafar; Karanth, Shama D; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karch, André; Karimi, Aliasghar; Karimi, Hanie; Karimi Behnagh, Arman; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kaur, Harkiran; Kaur, Navjot; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi, Foad; Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila; Keller, Cathleen; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khadembashiri, Mohammad Amin; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khamesipour, Faham; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Moien AB; Khan, Yusra H; Khan Suheb, Mahammed Ziauddin; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khanna, Tripti; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khateri, Sorour; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khonji, Mohammad Saeid; khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh; Khormali, Moein; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kian, Saeid; Kim, Grace; Kim, Jihee; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kivimäki, Mika; Kochhar, Sonali; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Koly, Kamrun Nahar; Kompani, Farzad; Koroshetz, Walter J; Kosen, Soewarta; Kourosh Arami, Masoumeh; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kumar, Ashish; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Nithin; Kumsa, Netsanet Bogale; Kundu, Satyajit; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kusuma, Dian; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Laksono, Tri; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lallukka, Tea; Lám, Judit; Lami, Faris Hasan; Landires, Iván; Langguth, Berthold; Lasrado, Savita; Latief, Kamaluddin; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming; Laurens, Matthew B; Lawal, Basira Kankia; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Leonardi, Matilde; Lerango, Temesgen L; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Wei; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Stephen S; Linehan, Christine; 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Sarveazad, Arash; Satpathy, Maheswar; Saylan, Mete; Sayyah, Mehdi; Scarmeas, Nikolaos; Schlaich, Markus P; Schuermans, Art; Schwarzinger, Michaël; Schwebel, David C; Selvaraj, Siddharthan; Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret; Sengupta, Pallav; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Serban, Dragos; Sergindo, Mihretu Tagesse; Sethi, Yashendra; SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad; Seylani, Allen; Shabani, Mohammad; Shabany, Maryam; Shafie, Mahan; Shahabi, Saeed; Shahbandi, Ataollah; Shahid, Samiah; Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba; Shahsavari, Hamid R; Shahwan, Moyad Jamal; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shaji, KS; Sham, Sunder; Shama, Adisu Tafari T; Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, Mohammad Anas; Shanawaz, Mohd; Sharath, Medha; Sharfaei, Sadaf; Sharifan, Amin; Sharma, Manoj; Sharma, Rajesh; Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Shayan, Maryam; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali; Shekhar, Shashank; Shen, Jiabin; Shenoy, Suchitra M; Shetty, Pavanchand H; Shiferaw, Desalegn Shiferaw; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shittu, Aminu; Shivakumar, K M; 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Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yang, Lin; Yano, Yuichiro; Yao, Yao; Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yesiltepe, Metin; Yi, Siyan; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; You, Yuyi; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Yusuf, Hadiza; Zadey, Siddhesh; Zahedi, Mohammad; Zakham, Fathiah; Zaki, Nazar; Zali, Alireza; Zamagni, Giulia; Zand, Ramin; Zandieh, Ghazal G Z; Zangiabadian, Moein; Zarghami, Amin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeariya, Mohammed G M; Zegeye, Zelalem Banjaw; Zeukeng, Francis; Zhai, Chunxia; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhao, Yang; Zheng, Peng; Zhou, Hengxing; Zhu, Bin; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zikarg, Yossef Teshome; Zoladl, Mohammad; Murray, Christopher J L; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Feigin, Valery L; Vos, Theo; Dua, Tarun... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. 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Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Alize J, Ferrari; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Aali, Amirali; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdollahi, Arash; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Abualruz, Hasan; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Ackerman, Ilana N; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Addolorato, Giovanni; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle; Afyouni, Shadi; Afzal, Saira; Afzal, Sina; Agodi, Antonella; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Firdos; Ahmad, Shahzaib; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ajami, Marjan; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Alalalmeh, Samer O; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Albashtawy, Mohammed; Aldridge, Robert W; Alemu, Meseret Desalegn; Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alharrasi, Maryam; 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Asika, Marvellous O; Askari, Elaheh; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Atreya, Alok; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Avan, Abolfazl; Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu; Awuviry-Newton, Kofi; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azevedo, Rui M S; Babu, Abraham Samuel; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghdadi, Soroush; Bagheri, Nasser; Bah, Sulaiman; Bai, Ruhai; Baker, Jennifer L; Bakkannavar, Shankar M; Bako, Abdulaziz T; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Bam, Kiran; Banik, Palash Chandra; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Bardideh, Erfan; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barrow, Amadou; Barteit, Sandra; Barua, Lingkan; Bashiri Aliabadi, Somaye; Basiru, Afisu; Basu, Sanjay; Basu, Saurav; Bathini, Prapthi Persis; Batra, Kavita; Baune, Bernhard T; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Behnam, Babak; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Beiranvand, Maryam; Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja; Beloukas, Apostolos; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berezvai, Zombor; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S; Bettencourt, Paulo J G; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhargava, Ashish; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Vivek; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bhatti, Manpreet S; Bhatti, Rajbir; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bikbov, Boris; Bishai, Jessica Devin; Bisignano, Catherine; Bitra, Veera R; Bjørge, Tone; Bodolica, Virginia; Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan; Bogale, Eyob Ketema; Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad; Bonny, Aime; Bora Basara, Berrak; Borhany, Hamed; Boxe, Christopher; Brady, Oliver J; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brant, Luisa C; Brauer, Michael; Breitner, Susanne; Brenner, Hermann; Brown, Julie; Brugha, Traolach; Bulamu, Norma B; Buonsenso, Danilo; Burkart, Katrin; Burns, Richard A; Busse, Reinhard; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Zahid A; Byun, Justin; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Calina, Daniela; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Cao, Chao; Capodici, Angelo; Carr, Sinclair; Carreras, Giulia; Carugno, Andrea; Carvalho, Márcia; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Castelpietra, Giulio; Catapano, Alberico L; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cembranel, Francieli; Cenderadewi, Muthia; Cerin, Ester; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chan, Raymond N C; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K; Charalampous, Periklis; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Victoria; Chen, Angela W; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Catherine S; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Nathalie M; Cheng, Esther T W; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Ching, Patrick R; Cho, William C S; Choi, Sungchul; Chong, Bryan; Chong, Yuen Yu; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eric; Chung, Eunice; Chutiyami, Muhammad; Claassens, Mareli M; Cogen, Rebecca M; Columbus, Alyssa; Conde, Joao; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cousin, Ewerton; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Siyu; Dai, Xiaochen; Dai, Zhaoli; Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba; Damiani, Giovanni; Das, Jai K; Das, Saswati; Dashti, Mohsen; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davletov, Kairat; De Leo, Diego; Debele, Aklilu Tamire; Debopadhaya, Shayom; DeCleene, Nicole K; Deeba, Farah; Degenhardt, Louisa; Del Bo', Cristian; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Demetriades, Andreas K; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desai, Rupak; Deuba, Keshab; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhingra, Sameer; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Diaz, Luis Antonio; Diaz, Michael J; Dima, Adriana; Ding, Delaney D; Dirac, M Ashworth; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; do Prado, Camila Bruneli; Dohare, Sushil; Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva; Dong, Wanyue; Dongarwar, Deepa; D'Oria, Mario; Dorsey, E Ray; Doshmangir, Leila; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dsouza, Viola; Dube, John; Dumith, Samuel C; 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Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lám, Judit; Lan, Qing; Lan, Tuo; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Langguth, Berthold; Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Lauriola, Paolo; Le, Huu-Hoai; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Leasher, Janet L; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; LeGrand, Kate E; Lenzi, Jacopo; Leong, Elvynna; Leung, Janni; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaopan; Li, Yichong; Li, Yongze; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S; Lindstrom, Megan; Linn, Shai; Liu, Gang; Liu, Runben; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Wei; Liu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Xuefeng; Llanaj, Erand; Lo, Chun-Han; López-Bueno, Rubén; Loreche, Arianna Maever; Lorenzovici, László; Lozano, Rafael; Lubinda, Jailos; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lusk, Jay B; lv, hengliang; Ma, Zheng Feei; Machairas, Nikolaos; 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Yesuf, Subah Abderehim; Yezli, Saber; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh; Yismaw, Yazachew; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Yu, Yong; Yusuf, Hadiza; Zahid, Mondal Hasan; Zakham, Fathiah; Zaki, Leila; Zaki, Nazar; Zaman, Burhan Abdullah; Zamora, Nelson; Zand, Ramin; Zandieh, Ghazal G Z; Zar, Heather J; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Ning; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhong, Panliang; Zhou, Juexiao; Zhu, Zhaohua; Ziafati, Makan; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zimsen, Stephanie R M; Zoladl, Mohammad; Zumla, Alimuddin; Zyoud, Samer H; Vos, Theo; Murray, Christopher J L... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury ...