Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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2020-10-23Author
Rafael, LozanoFullman, Nancy
Mumford, John Everett
Knight, Megan
Barthelemy, Celine M
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd-Allah, Foad
Abdollahi, Mohammad
Abedi, Aidin
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abosetugn, Akine Eshete
Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
Abrigo, Michael R M
Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid
Abushouk, Abdelrahman I
Adabi, Maryam
Adebayo, Oladimeji M
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adelson, Jaimie
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O
Adham, Davoud
Advani, Shailesh M
Afshin, Ashkan
Agarwal, Gina
Agasthi, Pradyumna
Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Agrawal, Anurag
Ahmad, Tauseef
Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
Alahdab, Fares
Al-Aly, Ziyad
Alam, Khurshid
Albertson, Samuel B
Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta
Alhassan, Robert Kaba
Ali, Muhammad
Ali, Saqib
Alipour, Vahid
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Alla, François
Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
Almasi, Ali
Almasi-Hashiani, Amir
Almasri, Nihad A
Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M
Almulhim, Abdulaziz M
Alonso, Jordi
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M
Altirkawi, Khalid A
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J
Amini, Saeed
Amini-Rarani, Mostafa
Amiri, Fatemeh
Amit, Arianna Maever L
Amugsi, Dickson A
Ancuceanu, Robert
Anderlini, Deanna
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Androudi, Sofia
Ansari, Fereshteh
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T
Antony, Catherine M
Antriyandarti, Ernoiz
Anvari, Davood
Anwer, Razique
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Aremu, Olatunde
Ärnlöv, Johan
Asaad, Malke
Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran
Asadi-Pooya, Ali A
Ashbaugh, Charlie
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
Ausloos, Marcel
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
Ayano, Getinet
Ayanore, Martin Amogre
Aynalem, Yared Asmare
Aynalem, Getie Lake
Ayza, Muluken Altaye
Azari, Samad
Azzopardi, Peter S
B, Darshan B
Babaee, Ebrahim
Badiye, Ashish D
Bahrami, Mohammad Amin
Baig, Atif Amin
Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein
Bakhtiari, Ahad
Bakkannavar, Shankar M
Balachandran, Arun
Balassyano, Shelly
Banach, Maciej
Banerjee, Srikanta K
Banik, Palash Chandra
Bante, Agegnehu Bante
Bante, Simachew Animen
Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barrero, Lope H
Bassat, Quique
Basu, Sanjay
Baune, Bernhard T
Bayati, Mohsen
Baye, Bayisa Abdissa
Bedi, Neeraj
Beghi, Ettore
Behzadifar, Masoud
Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye
Bell, Michelle L
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berman, Adam E
Bernabe, Eduardo
Bernstein, Robert S
Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
Bhandari, Dinesh
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Bhat, Anusha Ganapati
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
Bhattarai, Suraj
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Bijani, Ali
Bikbov, Boris
Bilano, Ver
Biondi, Antonio
Birihane, Binyam Minuye
Bockarie, Moses John
Bohlouli, Somayeh
Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa
Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao
Boloor, Archith
Brady, Oliver J
Braithwaite, Dejana
Briant, Paul Svitil
Briggs, Andrew M
Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath
Busse, Reinhard
Butt, Zahid A
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
Cámera, Luis Alberto
Cárdenas, Rosario
Carreras, Giulia
Carrero, Juan J
Carvalho, Felix
Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A
Castelpietra, Giulio
Castro, Franz
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Causey, Kate
Cederroth, Christopher R
Cercy, Kelly M
Cerin, Ester
Chandan, Joht Singh
Chang, Angela Y
Charan, Jaykaran
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chaturvedi, Sarika
Chin, Ken Lee
Cho, Daniel Youngwhan
Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine
Christensen, Hanne
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Chung, Michael T
Ciobanu, Liliana G
Cirillo, Massimo
Comfort, Haley
Compton, Kelly
Cortesi, Paolo Angelo
Costa, Vera Marisa
Cousin, Ewerton
Dahlawi, Saad M A
Damiani, Giovanni
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Darega Gela, Jiregna
Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
Daryani, Ahmad
Dash, Aditya Prasad
Davey, Gail
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
Davletov, Kairat
De Neve, Jan-Walter
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Deribe, Kebede
Dervenis, Nikolaos
Desai, Rupak
Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
Dhungana, Govinda Prasad
Dianatinasab, Mostafa
Dias da Silva, Diana
Diaz, Daniel
Dippenaar, Ilse N
Do, Hoa Thi
Dorostkar, Fariba
Doshmangir, Leila
Duncan, Bruce B
Duraes, Andre Rodrigues
Eagan, Arielle Wilder
Edvardsson, David
El Sayed, Iman
El Tantawi, Maha
Elgendy, Islam Y
Elyazar, Iqbal RF
Eskandari, Khalil
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Esmaeilnejad, Saman
Esteghamati, Alireza
Ezekannagha, Oluchi
Farag, Tamer
Farahmand, Mohammad
Faraon, Emerito Jose A
Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá
Farioli, Andrea
Faris, Pawan Sirwan
Faro, Andre
Fazlzadeh, Mehdi
Feigin, Valery L
Fernandes, Eduarda
Ferrara, Pietro
Feyissa, Garumma Tolu
Filip, Irina
Fischer, Florian
Fisher, James L
Flor, Luisa Sorio
Foigt, Nataliya A
Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich
Foroutan, Masoud
Francis, Joel Msafiri
Fu, Weijia
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Furtado, João M
Gad, Mohamed M
Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
Gakidou, Emmanuela
Galles, Natalie C
Gallus, Silvano
Gardner, William M
Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle
Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen
Gebremeskel, Leake G
Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn
Gesesew, Hailay Abrha
Ghadiri, Keyghobad
Ghafourifard, Mansour
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Ghith, Nermin
Gholamian, Asadollah
Gilani, Syed Amir
Gill, Paramjit Singh
Gill, Tiffany K
Ginindza, Themba G
Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan
Giussani, Giorgia
Glagn, Mustefa
Gnedovskaya, Elena V
Godinho, Myron Anthony
Goharinezhad, Salime
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Goudarzian, Amir Hossein
Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia
Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
Guimarães, Rafael Alves
Guled, Rashid Abdi
Gultie, Teklemariam
Guo, Yuming
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Rahul
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
Hafiz, Abdul
Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
Hamadeh, Randah R
Hameed, Sajid
Hamidi, Samer
Han, Chieh
Han, Hannah
Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes
Hanif, Asif
Hankey, Graeme J
Haro, Josep Maria
Hasaballah, Ahmed I
Hasan, Md Mehedi
Hashi, Abdiwahab
Hassan, Shoaib
Hassan, Amr
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassankhani, Hadi
Havmoeller, Rasmus J
Hay, Simon I
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Golnaz
Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza
Hendrie, Delia
Herteliu, Claudiu
Hird, Thomas R
Ho, Hung Chak
Hole, Michael K
Holla, Ramesh
Hollingsworth, Bruce
Hoogar, Praveen
Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury
Horita, Nobuyuki
Hossain, Naznin
Hosseini, Mostafa
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Mihaela
Hostiuc, Sorin
Househ, Mowafa
Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong
Hu, Guoqing
Huda, Tanvir M
Humayun, Ayesha
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Iavicoli, Ivo
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Ikeda, Nayu
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Ilic, Irena M
Ilic, Milena D
Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
Iqbal, Usman
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter
Islam, M Mofizul
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Islami, Farhad
Iso, Hiroyasu
Iwu, Chinwe Juliana
Iwu, Chidozie C D
Jaafari, Jalil
Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad
Jafarinia, Morteza
Jahagirdar, Deepa
Jahani, Mohammad Ali
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Janjani, Hosna
Javaheri, Tahereh
Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
Jenabi, Ensiyeh
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jha, Vivekanand
Ji, John S
Jia, Peng
John-Akinola, Yetunde O
Jonas, Jost B
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Jürisson, Mikk
Kabir, Zubair
Kalankesh, Leila R
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kamath, Aruna M
Kanchan, Tanuj
Kapoor, Neeti
Karami Matin, Behzad
Karanikolos, Marina
Karimi, Seyed M
Kassebaum, Nicholas J
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
Kayode, Gbenga A
Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khammarnia, Mohammad
Khan, Maseer
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khang, Young-Ho
Khatab, Khaled
Khater, Amir M
Khater, Mona M
Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli
Khayamzadeh, Maryam
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kianipour, Neda
Kim, Young-Eun
Kim, Yun Jin
Kimokoti, Ruth W
Kinfu, Yohannes
Kisa, Adnan
Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna
Kivimäki, Mika
Kneib, Cameron J
Kocarnik, Jonathan M
Kochhar, Sonali
Kohler, Stefan
Kopec, Jacek A
Korotkova, Anna V
Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich
Kosen, Soewarta
Kotlo, Anirudh
Koul, Parvaiz A
Koyanagi, Ai
Krishan, Kewal
Krohn, Kris J
Kugbey, Nuworza
Kulkarni, Vaman
Kumar, G Anil
Kumar, Nithin
Kumar, Manasi
Kurmi, Om P
Kusuma, Dian
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lacey, Ben
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
Lalloo, Ratilal
Landires, Iván
Lansingh, Van Charles
Larsson, Anders O
Lasrado, Savita
Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming
Lauriola, Paolo
Lazarus, Jeffrey V
Ledesma, Jorge R
Lee, Paul H
Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
Leever, Andrew T
LeGrand, Kate E
Leigh, James
Leonardi, Matilde
Li, Shanshan
Lim, Stephen S
Lim, Lee-Ling
Liu, Xuefeng
Logroscino, Giancarlo
Lopez, Alan D
Lopukhov, Platon D
Lotufo, Paulo A
Lu, Alton
Ma, Jianing
Madadin, Mohammed
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
Mahmoudi, Morteza
Majeed, Azeem
Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N
Maleki, Shokofeh
Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mansouri, Borhan
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Martini, Santi
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio
Martopullo, Ira
Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard
Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I
Mathur, Manu Raj
McAlinden, Colm
McKee, Martin
Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo
Meharie, Birhanu Geta
Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar
Mehri, Fereshteh
Mehrotra, Ravi
Mekonnen, Teferi
Melese, Addisu
Memiah, Peter T N
Mendoza, Walter
Menezes, Ritesh G
Mensah, George A
Meretoja, Tuomo J
Meretoja, Atte
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Miazgowski, Bartosz
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M
Mirzaei, Maryam
Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi
Mitchell, Philip B
Moazen, Babak
Moghadaszadeh, Masoud
Mohamadi, Efat
Mohammad, Yousef
Mohammad, Dara K
Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammed, Shafiu
Mohammed, Jemal Abdu
Mokdad, Ali H
Monasta, Lorenzo
Mondello, Stefania
Moradi, Masoud
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah
Moraga, Paula
Morgado-da-Costa, Joana
Morrison, Shane Douglas
Mosapour, Abbas
Mosser, Jonathan F
Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
Muriithi, Moses K
Mustafa, Ghulam
Nabhan, Ashraf F
Naderi, Mehdi
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
Naghavi, Mohsen
Naghshtabrizi, Behshad
Naimzada, Mukhammad David
Nangia, Vinay
Nansseu, Jobert Richie
Nayak, Vinod C
Nazari, Javad
Ndejjo, Rawlance
Negoi, Ionut
Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
Neupane, Subas
Ngari, Kiirithio N
Nguefack-Tsague, Georges
Ngunjiri, Josephine W
Nguyen, Cuong Tat
Nguyen, Diep Ngoc
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
Nnaji, Chukwudi A
Nomura, Shuhei
Norheim, Ole F
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Nowak, Christoph
Nunez-Samudio, Virginia
Otoiu, Adrian
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
Oghenetega, Onome Bright
Oh, In-Hwan
Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera
Oladnabi, Morteza
Olagunju, Andrew T
Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike
Omar Bali, Ahmed
Omer, Muktar Omer
Ong, Kanyin L
Onwujekwe, Obinna E
Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V V
Ortiz, Alberto
Ostojic, Sergej M
Otstavnov, Nikita
Otstavnov, Stanislav S
Øverland, Simon
Owolabi, Mayowa O
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao.
Pakhale, Smita
Palladino, Raffaele
Pana, Adrian
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha
Pathak, Mona
Patton, George C
Paudel, Sagun
Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza
Pease, Spencer A
Peden, Amy E
Pennini, Alyssa
Peprah, Emmanuel K
Pereira, Jeevan
Pigott, David M
Pilgrim, Thomas
Pilz, Tessa M
Pinheiro, Marina
Piradov, Michael A
Pirsaheb, Meghdad
Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
Postma, Maarten J
Pourjafar, Hadi
Pourmalek, Farshad
Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza
Pourshams, Akram
Prada, Sergio I
Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga
Pupillo, Elisabetta
Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin
Radfar, Amir
Rafiee, Ata
Rafiei, Alireza
Raggi, Alberto
Rahim, Fakher
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali
Rana, Saleem Muhammad
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Rao, Sowmya J
Rasella, Davide
Rashedi, Vahid
Rath, Goura Kishor
Rathi, Priya
Rawaf, Salman
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawal, Lal
Rawassizadeh, Reza
Razo, Christian
Renjith, Vishnu
Renzaho, Andre M N
Reshmi, Bhageerathy
Rezaei, Nima
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Ribeiro, Daniel Cury
Rickard, Jennifer
Roberts, Nicholas L S
Roever, Leonardo
Romoli, Michele
Ronfani, Luca
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Rubagotti, Enrico
Rwegerera, Godfrey M
Sabour, Siamak
Sachdev, Perminder S
Saddik, Basema
Sadeghi, Masoumeh
Sadeghi, Ehsan
Safari, Yahya
Sagar, Rajesh
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
Sajadi, S. Mohammad
Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza
Salem, Marwa R Rashad
Salem, Hosni
Salomon, Joshua
Samadi Kafil, Hossein
Samy, Abdallah M
Sanabria, Juan
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M
Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo
Sartorius, Benn
Sarveazad, Arash
Sathian, Brijesh
Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu
Sattin, Davide
Savic, Miloje
Sawyer, Susan M
Saxena, Deepak
Sbarra, Alyssa N
Schaeffer, Lauren E
Schiavolin, Silvia
Schmidt, Maria Inês
Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
Schwebel, David C
Schwendicke, Falk
Seedat, Soraya
Sha, Feng
Shahabi, Saeed
Shaheen, Amira A
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shamsizadeh, Morteza
Shannawaz, Mohammed
Sharafi, Kiomars
Sharara, Fablina
Sharifi, Hamid
Shaw, David H
Sheikh, Aziz
Sheikhtaheri, Abbas
Shetty, B Suresh Kumar
Shibuya, Kenji
Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw
Shigematsu, Mika
Shin, Jae Il
Shiri, Rahman
Shirkoohi, Reza
Shivakumar, K M
Shrime, Mark G
Shuval, Kerem
Siabani, Soraya
Sierpinski, Radoslaw
Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
Silva, João Pedro
Simonetti, Biagio
Simpson, Kyle E
Singh, Jasvinder A
Singh, Pushpendra
Sinha, Dhirendra Narain
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
Smith, Emma U R
Soheili, Amin
Soltani, Shahin
Soofi, Moslem
Sorensen, Reed J.D.
Soriano, Joan B
Sorrie, Muluken Bekele
Soyiri, Ireneous N
Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth
Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T
Stanaway, Jeffrey D
Steel, Nicholas
Stein, Caroline
Stokes, Mark A
Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul
Sultan, Iyad
Szumowski, Łukasz
Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tabuchi, Takahiro
Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar
Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu
Tadesse, Degena Bahrey
Taherkhani, Amir
Tamiru, Animut Tagele
Tanser, Frank C
Tareque, Md Ismail
Tarigan, Ingan Ukur
Teagle, Whitney L
Tediosi, Fabrizio
Tefera, Yonas Getaye Getaye
Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay
Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse
Thakur, Bhaskar
Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna
Tonelli, Marcello
Topor-Madry, Roman
Topouzis, Fotis
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto
Tran, Bach Xuan
Travillian, Ravensara
Troeger, Christopher E
Tudor Car, Lorainne
Uddin, Riaz
Ullah, Irfan
Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David
Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
Upadhyay, Era
Uthman, Olalekan A
Vacante, Marco
Valdez, Pascual R
Varughese, Santosh
Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
Vasseghian, Yasser
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
Violante, Francesco S
Vlassov, Vasily
Vollset, Stein Emil
Vongpradith, Avina
Vos, Theo
Waheed, Yasir
Walters, Magdalene K
Wamai, Richard G
Wang, Haidong
Wang, Yuan-Pang
Weintraub, Robert G
Weiss, Jordan
Werdecker, Andrea
Westerman, Ronny
Wilner, Lauren B
Woldu, Gebremariam
Wolfe, Charles D A
Wu, Ai-Min
Wulf Hanson, Sarah
Xie, Yang
Xu, Rixing
Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein
Yamagishi, Kazumasa
Yano, Yuichiro
Yaya, Sanni
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
Yearwood, Jamal A
Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew
Yip, Paul
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa Z
Yousefi, Zabihollah
Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh
Yusefzadeh, Hasan
Zadey, Siddhesh
Zahirian Moghadam, Telma
Zaidi, Syed Saoud
Zaki, Leila
Zaman, Sojib Bin
Zamani, Mohammad
Zamanian, Maryam
Zandian, Hamed
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu
Zhang, Yunquan
Zhao, Xiu-Ju George
Zhao, Yingxi
Zheng, Peng
Zhu, Cong
Ziapour, Arash
Zlavog, Bianca S
Zodpey, Sanjay
Murray, Christopher J L
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Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target—1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023—we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. FindingsGlobally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2–47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7–61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9–3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010–2019 relative to 1990–2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6–421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0–3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5–1040·3]) residing in south Asia. InterpretationThe present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people—the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close—or how far—all populations are in benefiting from UHC. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Harish; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Vijay; Kundu, Amartya; Kusuma, Dian; Kyei-Arthur, Frank; Kytö, Ville; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Laflamme, Lucie; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lám, Judit; Lan, Qing; Lan, Tuo; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Langguth, Berthold; Lansingh, Van Charles; Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Lauriola, Paolo; Lawlor, Hilary R; Le, Huu-Hoai; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Leasher, Janet L; Lee, Doo Woong; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Yo Han; Leigh, James; Leong, Elvynna; Li, Ming-Chieh; Libra, Massimo; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S; Limenh, Liknaw Workie; Lindholm, Daniel; Lindstedt, Paulina A; Listl, Stefan; Liu, Gang; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Shuke; Liu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Xuefeng; 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Mitchell, Philip B; Mittal, Chaitanya; Moberg, Madeline E; Moghadam Fard, Atousa; Mohajelin, Seyedehfatemeh; Mohamadkhani, Ashraf; Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail; Mohamed, Jama; Mohamed, Mouhand F H; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammad, Ameen Mosa; Mohammadi, Soheil; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Mustapha; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H; Molokhia, Mariam; Momani, Shaher Mohammad; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Montazeri, Fateme; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Moreira, Rafael Silveira; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosapour, Abbas; Mosser, Jonathan F; Mossialos, Elias; Motappa, Rohith; Mougin, Vincent; Mousavi, Parsa; Mrejen, Matías; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mulita, Francesk; Munjal, Kavita; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Musallam, Khaled M; Musina, Ana-Maria; Mustafa, Ghulam; Myung, Woojae; Nafei, Ayoub; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naik, Ganesh R; Naik, Gurudatta; Nainu, Firzan; Najdaghi, Soroush; Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin; Nangia, Vinay; Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas; Nargus, Shumaila; Narimani Davani, Delaram; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Nascimento, Gustavo G; Naser, Abdallah Y; Nashwan, Abdulqadir J; Natto, Zuhair S; Nauman, Javaid; Navaratna, Samidi N K; Naveed, Muhammad; Nawsherwan; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nayak, Vinod C; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nejjari, Chakib; Nematollahi, Soroush; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Ng, Marie; Nguefack-Tsague, Georges; Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Nguyen, Anh Hoang; Nguyen, Dang H; Nguyen, Duc Hoang; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Nhan; Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, QuynhAnh P; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nguyen Tran Minh, Duc; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nigatu, Yeshambel T; Niknam, Mahdieh; Nikoobar, Ali; Nikpoor, Amin Reza; Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin; Noman, Efaq Ali; Nomura, Shuhei; Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed; Noroozi, Nafise; Nouri, Mehran; Nozari, Majid; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Ntaios, George; Nunemo, Mengistu H; Nurrika, Dieta; Nutor, Jerry John; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Obamiro, Kehinde O; Odetokun, Ismail A; Oduro, Michael Safo; Ogundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu; Ogunfowokan, Adesola Adenike; Ogunkoya, Abiola; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Oh, In-Hwan; Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olatubi, Matthew Idowu; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Oluwafemi, Yinka Doris; Omar, Hany A; Omer, Goran Latif; Ong, Sokking; Onie, Sandersan; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Opejin, Abdulahi Opejin; Ordak, Michal; Orish, Verner N; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Osman, Wael M S; Ostojic, Sergej M; Ostroff, Samuel M; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Otoiu, Adrian; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Ouyahia, Amel; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T; Ozair, Ahmad; P A, Mahesh Padukudru; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; 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This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and ... -
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Jaimie D, Steinmetz; Seeher, Katrin Maria; Schiess, Nicoline; Nichols, Emma; Cao, Bochen; Servili, Chiara; Cavallera, Vanessa; Cousin, Ewerton; Hagins, Hailey; Moberg, Madeline E; Mehlman, Max L; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbas, Jaffar; Abbasi, Madineh Akram; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdollahi, Mozhan; Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin; Abd-Rabu, Rami; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abedi, Aidin; Abedi, Vida; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Abidi, Hassan; Abiodun, Olumide; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Aboyans, Victor; Abrha, Woldu Aberhe; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Aburuz, Salahdein; Adamu, Lawan Hassan; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adebayo, Oladimeji M; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adekiya, Tayo Alex; Adikusuma, Wirawan; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adra, Saryia; Afework, Tsion; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afraz, Ali; Afzal, Saira; Aghamiri, Shahin; Agodi, Antonella; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Jivan Qasim; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Ajumobi, Olufemi; Akade, Seyed Esma'il; Akbari, Morteza; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akhlaghi, Shiva; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akonde, Maxwell; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Alahdab, Fares; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Albashtawy, Mohammed; AlBataineh, Mohammad T; Aldawsari, Khalifah A; Alemi, Hediyeh; Alemi, Sharifullah; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Abid; Ali, Endale Alemayehu; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Musa Mohammed; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Shahid; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Ali, Zahid; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Aliyi, Ahmednur Adem; Aljofan, Mohamad; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alladi, Suvarna; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Almustanyir, Sami; Al-Omari, Basem; Alqahtani, Jaber S; Alqasmi, Ibrahim; Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen; Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam; Altaany, Zaid; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Aly, Safwat; Alzoubi, Karem H; Amani, Reza; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amiri, Sohrab; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein; Amu, Hubert; Amugsi, Dickson A; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Amzat, Jimoh; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; Anderson, David B; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Angappan, Dhanalakshmi; Angesom, Teklit W; Anil, Abhishek; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anwer, Razique; Arafat, Mosab; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Areda, Demelash; Ariffin, Hany; Arifin, Hidayat; Arkew, Mesay; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arooj, Mahwish; Artamonov, Anton A; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A; Asena, Tilahun Ferede; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashraf, Muhammad; Ashraf, Tahira; Atalell, Kendalem Asmare; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atinafu, Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Atreya, Alok; Aujayeb, Avinash; Avan, Abolfazl; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayatollahi, Haleh; Ayinde, Olatunde O; Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azizi, Zahra; Azizian, Khalil; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Babaei, Mahsa; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghdadi, Soroush; Bagherieh, Sara; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Balalla, Shivanthi; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Banach, Maciej; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Banerjee, Indrajit; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Barboza, Miguel A; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrow, Amadou; Bashash, Davood; Bashiri, Hamideh; Bashiru, Hameed Akande; Basiru, Afisu; Basso, João Diogo; Basu, Sanjay; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Batra, Kavita; Baune, Bernhard T; Bedi, Neeraj; Begde, Ahmet; Begum, Tahmina; Behnam, Babak; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Beiranvand, Maryam; Béjot, Yannick; Bekele, Alehegn; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bemanalizadeh, Maryam; Bender, Rose G; 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Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yang, Lin; Yano, Yuichiro; Yao, Yao; Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yesiltepe, Metin; Yi, Siyan; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; You, Yuyi; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Yusuf, Hadiza; Zadey, Siddhesh; Zahedi, Mohammad; Zakham, Fathiah; Zaki, Nazar; Zali, Alireza; Zamagni, Giulia; Zand, Ramin; Zandieh, Ghazal G Z; Zangiabadian, Moein; Zarghami, Amin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeariya, Mohammed G M; Zegeye, Zelalem Banjaw; Zeukeng, Francis; Zhai, Chunxia; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhao, Yang; Zheng, Peng; Zhou, Hengxing; Zhu, Bin; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zikarg, Yossef Teshome; Zoladl, Mohammad; Murray, Christopher J L; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Feigin, Valery L; Vos, Theo; Dua, Tarun... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. 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Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Alize J, Ferrari; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Aali, Amirali; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdollahi, Arash; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Abualruz, Hasan; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Ackerman, Ilana N; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Addolorato, Giovanni; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle; Afyouni, Shadi; Afzal, Saira; Afzal, Sina; Agodi, Antonella; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Firdos; Ahmad, Shahzaib; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Luai A; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ajami, Marjan; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Alalalmeh, Samer O; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Albashtawy, Mohammed; Aldridge, Robert W; Alemu, Meseret Desalegn; Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alharrasi, Maryam; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Al-Marwani, Sabah; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Al-Omari, Basem; Altaany, Zaid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J; Alwafi, Hassan; Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Safwat; Alzoubi, Karem H; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amegbor, Prince M; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amiri, Sohrab; Amugsi, Dickson A; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; Anderson, David B; Andrade, Pedro Prata; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Ansari, Hossein; Antony, Catherine M; Anwar, Saleha; Anwar, Sumadi Lukman; Anwer, Razique; Anyanwu, Philip Emeka; Arab, Juan Pablo; Arabloo, Jalal; Arafat, Mosab; Araki, Daniel T; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Arndt, Michael Benjamin; Arooj, Mahwish; Artamonov, Anton A; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Arumugam, Ashokan; Ashbaugh, Charlie; Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse; Ashraf, Muhammad; Asika, Marvellous O; Askari, Elaheh; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Atreya, Alok; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Avan, Abolfazl; Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu; Awuviry-Newton, Kofi; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azevedo, Rui M S; Babu, Abraham Samuel; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghdadi, Soroush; Bagheri, Nasser; Bah, Sulaiman; Bai, Ruhai; Baker, Jennifer L; Bakkannavar, Shankar M; Bako, Abdulaziz T; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Bam, Kiran; Banik, Palash Chandra; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Bardideh, Erfan; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barrow, Amadou; Barteit, Sandra; Barua, Lingkan; Bashiri Aliabadi, Somaye; Basiru, Afisu; Basu, Sanjay; Basu, Saurav; Bathini, Prapthi Persis; Batra, Kavita; Baune, Bernhard T; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Behnam, Babak; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Beiranvand, Maryam; Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja; Beloukas, Apostolos; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berezvai, Zombor; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S; Bettencourt, Paulo J G; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhargava, Ashish; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Vivek; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bhatti, Manpreet S; Bhatti, Rajbir; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bikbov, Boris; Bishai, Jessica Devin; Bisignano, Catherine; Bitra, Veera R; Bjørge, Tone; Bodolica, Virginia; Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan; Bogale, Eyob Ketema; Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad; Bonny, Aime; Bora Basara, Berrak; Borhany, Hamed; Boxe, Christopher; Brady, Oliver J; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brant, Luisa C; Brauer, Michael; Breitner, Susanne; Brenner, Hermann; Brown, Julie; Brugha, Traolach; Bulamu, Norma B; Buonsenso, Danilo; Burkart, Katrin; Burns, Richard A; Busse, Reinhard; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Zahid A; Byun, Justin; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Calina, Daniela; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Cao, Chao; Capodici, Angelo; Carr, Sinclair; Carreras, Giulia; Carugno, Andrea; Carvalho, Márcia; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Castelpietra, Giulio; Catapano, Alberico L; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Caye, Arthur; Cegolon, Luca; Cembranel, Francieli; Cenderadewi, Muthia; Cerin, Ester; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chan, Raymond N C; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K; Charalampous, Periklis; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Victoria; Chen, Angela W; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Catherine S; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Nathalie M; Cheng, Esther T W; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Ching, Patrick R; Cho, William C S; Choi, Sungchul; Chong, Bryan; Chong, Yuen Yu; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eric; Chung, Eunice; Chutiyami, Muhammad; Claassens, Mareli M; Cogen, Rebecca M; Columbus, Alyssa; Conde, Joao; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cousin, Ewerton; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Siyu; Dai, Xiaochen; Dai, Zhaoli; Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba; Damiani, Giovanni; Das, Jai K; Das, Saswati; Dashti, Mohsen; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davletov, Kairat; De Leo, Diego; Debele, Aklilu Tamire; Debopadhaya, Shayom; DeCleene, Nicole K; Deeba, Farah; Degenhardt, Louisa; Del Bo', Cristian; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Demetriades, Andreas K; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desai, Rupak; Deuba, Keshab; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhingra, Sameer; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Diaz, Luis Antonio; Diaz, Michael J; Dima, Adriana; Ding, Delaney D; Dirac, M Ashworth; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; do Prado, Camila Bruneli; Dohare, Sushil; Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva; Dong, Wanyue; Dongarwar, Deepa; D'Oria, Mario; Dorsey, E Ray; Doshmangir, Leila; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dsouza, Viola; Dube, John; Dumith, Samuel C; Duncan, Bruce B; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Eboreime, Ejemai; Ebrahimi, Alireza; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Edvardsson, David; Eikemo, Terje Andreas; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; El Sayed, Iman; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; ELNahas, Gihan; Elshaer, Mohammed; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Engelbert Bain, Luchuo; Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj; Eshrati, Babak; Estep, Kara; Fabin, Natalia; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Falzone, Luca; Fareed, Mohammad; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Faro, Andre; Farrokhi, Pegah; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Feigin, Valery L; Feng, Xiaoqi; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Feroze, Abdullah Hamid; Ferreira, Nuno; Ferreira, Paulo H; Fischer, Florian; Flavel, Joanne; Flood, David; Flor, Luisa S; Foigt, Nataliya A; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Force, Lisa M; Fortuna, Daniela; Foschi, Matteo; Franklin, Richard Charles; Freitas, Alberto; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Furtado, João M; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gaihre, Santosh; Galali, Yaseen; Ganbat, Mandukhai; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Ganie, Mohd Ashraf; Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat; Gardner, William M; Gebi, Tilaye Gebru; Gebregergis, Miglas W; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremariam, Tesfay B B; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw; Georgescu, Simona Roxana; Getachew Obsa, Abera; Gething, Peter W; Getie, Molla; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghailan, Khalid Yaser; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghasemi, MohammadReza; Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal; Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghorbani, Mahsa; Ghotbi, Elena; Gibson, Ruth Margaret; Gill, Tiffany K; Ginindza, Themba G; Girmay, Alem; Glasbey, James C; Göbölös, Laszlo; Godinho, Myron Anthony; Goharinezhad, Salime; Goldust, Mohamad; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Gona, Philimon N; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goulart, Alessandra C; Grada, Ayman; Grivna, Michal; Guan, Shi-Yang; Guarducci, Giovanni; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa; Guha, Avirup; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gulati, Snigdha; Gulisashvili, David; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Guo, Cui; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Ishita; Gupta, Mohak; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Habibzadeh, Parham; Haddadi, Rasool; Hadi, Najah R; Haep, Nils; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hafiz, Abdul; Hagins, Hailey; Halboub, Esam S; Halimi, Aram; Haller, Sebastian; Halwani, Rabih; Hamilton, Erin B; Hankey, Graeme J; Hannan, Md Abdul; Haque, Md Nuruzzaman; Harapan, Harapan; Haro, Josep Maria; Hartvigsen, Jan; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Ikramul; Hasanian, Mohammad; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Haubold, Johannes; Havmoeller, Rasmus J; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Hebert, Jeffrey J; Hegazi, Omar E; Heidari, Golnaz; Helfer, Bartosz; Hemmati, Mehdi; Hendrie, Delia; Henson, Claire A; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Holla, Ramesh; Hon, Julia; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hsu, Johnathan M; Huang, Junjie; Hugo, Fernando N; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hussain, Javid; Hussein, Nawfal R; Huynh, Chantal K; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Iannucci, Vincent C; Ihler, Audrey L; Ikiroma, Adalia I; Ikuta, Kevin S; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Imam, Mohammad Tarique; Immurana, Mustapha; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Islam, Md Rabiul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Ismail, Faisal; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie C D; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad; Jafarinia, Morteza; Jaggi, Khushleen; Jahankhani, Kasra; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Akhil; Jain, Nityanand; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jaiswal, Abhishek; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim; Javadov, Sabzali; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeganathan, Jayakumar; Jeyakumar, Angeline; Jha, Anil K; Jiang, Heng; Jin, Yinzi; Jonas, Jost B; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Abel; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; K, Vaishali; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalankesh, Leila R; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamenov, Kaloyan; Kamyari, Naser; Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan; Kandel, Himal; Kanmanthareddy, Arun R; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kantar, Rami S; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karim, Asima; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Karimi, Yeganeh; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kassel, Molly B; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kawakami, Norito; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi, Foad; Kazemian, Sina; Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila; Keller, Cathleen; Kempen, John H; Kerr, Jessica A; Keshtkar, Kamyab; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khalid, Asaad; Khalid, Nauman; Khalilian, Alireza; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, Asaduzzaman; Khan, Ikramullah; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Moien AB; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khatami, Fatemeh; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khater, Amir M; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Khodadoust, Elaheh; Khormali, Moein; Khorrami, Zahra; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kocarnik, Jonathan M; Kochhar, Sonali; Koh, Hyun Yong; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Koren, Gerbrand; Korzh, Oleksii; Kosen, Soewarta; Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuitunen, Ilari; Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, Rakesh; Kurmi, Om P; Kusuma, Dian; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Laflamme, Lucie; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lám, Judit; Lan, Qing; Lan, Tuo; Landires, Iván; Lanfranchi, Francesco; Langguth, Berthold; Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Lauriola, Paolo; Le, Huu-Hoai; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Leasher, Janet L; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; LeGrand, Kate E; Lenzi, Jacopo; Leong, Elvynna; Leung, Janni; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaopan; Li, Yichong; Li, Yongze; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S; Lindstrom, Megan; Linn, Shai; Liu, Gang; Liu, Runben; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Wei; Liu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Xuefeng; Llanaj, Erand; Lo, Chun-Han; López-Bueno, Rubén; Loreche, Arianna Maever; Lorenzovici, László; Lozano, Rafael; Lubinda, Jailos; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lusk, Jay B; lv, hengliang; Ma, Zheng Feei; Machairas, Nikolaos; Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M; Magaña Gómez, Javier A; Maghazachi, Azzam A; Maharjan, Preeti; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Maheri, Mina; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoud, Mansour Adam; Mahmoudi, Elham; Majeed, Azeem; Makris, Konstantinos Christos; Malakan Rad, Elaheh; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malik, Iram; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manla, Yosef; Mansour, Ali; Mansouri, Pejman; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantilla Herrera, Ana M; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Manu, Emmanuel; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Mardi, Parham; Martinez, Gabriel; Martinez-Piedra, Ramon; Martini, Daniela; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Martorell, Miquel; Marx, Wolfgang; Maryam, Sharmeen; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathieson, Stephanie; Mathioudakis, Alexander G; Mattumpuram, Jishanth; Maugeri, Andrea; Mayeli, Mahsa; Mazidi, Mohsen; Mazzotti, Antonio; McGrath, John J; McKee, Martin; McKowen, Anna Laura W; McPhail, Michael A; Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran; Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar; Mekene Meto, Tesfahun; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mensah, George A; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Meresa, Haftu Asmerom; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mersha, Abera M; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi; Mettananda, Sachith; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Miller, Paul Anthony; Miller, Ted R; Mills, Edward J; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mirijello, Antonio; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirutse, Mizan Kiros; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Mirzaei, Maryam; Mirzaei, Roya; Misganaw, Awoke; Mishra, Ajay Kumar; Mitchell, Philip B; Mittal, Chaitanya; Moazen, Babak; Moberg, Madeline E; Mohamed, Jama; Mohamed, Mouhand F H; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammadi, Soheil; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Salahuddin; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohr, Robin M; Mokdad, Ali H; Molinaro, Sabrina; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Moreira, Rafael Silveira; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morze, Jakub; Mosapour, Abbas; Mosser, Jonathan F; Mossialos, Elias; Motappa, Rohith; Mougin, Vincent; Mouodi, Simin; Mrejen, Matías; Msherghi, Ahmed; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mulita, Francesk; Munjal, Kavita; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Murlimanju, BV; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthu, Sathish; Muzaffar, Muhammad; Myung, Woojae; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naik, Ganesh R; Nainu, Firzan; Nair, Sanjeev; Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid; Nangia, Vinay; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod; Nargus, Shumaila; Nascimento, Gustavo G; Nashwan, Abdulqadir J; Nasrollahizadeh, Ali; Nasrollahizadeh, Amir; Natto, Zuhair S; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nayak, Vinod C; Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nesbit, Olivia D; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Ng, Marie; Nguefack-Tsague, Georges; Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Nguyen, Dang H; Nguyen, Hien Quang; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos; Nikoobar, Ali; Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh; Nikpoor, Amin Reza; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles; Noman, Efaq Ali; Nomura, Shuhei; Norrving, Bo; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Ntaios, George; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Nurrika, Dieta; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Odetokun, Ismail A; O'Donnell, Martin James; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Oguta, James Odhiambo; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olasupo, Omotola O; Olatubi, Matthew Idowu; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Omar, Hany A; Omer, Goran Latif; Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel; Onie, Sandersan; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Ordak, Michal; Orish, Verner N; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar; Osman, Wael M S; Ostroff, Samuel M; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Otoiu, Adrian; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Ouyahia, Amel; Ouyang, Guoqing; Owolabi, Mayowa O; P A, Mahesh Padukudru; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Palicz, Tamás; Palladino, Claudia; Pan, Feng; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R; Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha; Panos, Georgios D; Panos, Leonidas D; Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela; Pardhan, Shahina; Parikh, Romil R; Pashaei, Ava; Pasovic, Maja; Passera, Roberto; Patel, Jay; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Patil, Shankargouda; Patoulias, Dimitrios; Patthipati, Venkata Suresh; Pawar, Shrikant; Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza; Pease, Spencer A; Peden, Amy E; Pedersini, Paolo; Peng, Minjin; Pensato, Umberto; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Peprah, Emmanuel K; Peprah, Prince; Perdigão, João; Pereira, Maria Odete; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Petri, William A; Pham, Hoang Tran; Philip, Anil K; Phillips, Michael R; Pigeolet, Manon; Pigott, David M; Pillay, Julian David; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Pirouzpanah, Saeed; Plass, Dietrich; Plotnikov, Evgenii; Poddighe, Dimitri; Polinder, Suzanne; Postma, Maarten J; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Prada, Sergio I; Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh; Prakash, V; Prasad, Manya; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Priscilla, Tina; Pritchett, Natalie; Puri, Pooja; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; Qasim, Nameer Hashim; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qazi, Asma Saleem; Qian, Gangzhen; Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad; Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi; Rafferty, Quinn; Raggi, Alberto; Raghav, Pankaja Raghav; Rahim, Md Jillur; Rahman, Md Mosfequr; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Shayan; Rahmanian, Mohammad; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rajaa, Sathish; Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramasubramani, Premkumar; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rana, Kritika; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rancic, Nemanja; Rane, Amey; Rao, Chythra R; Rao, Kumuda; Rao, Mithun; Rao, Sowmya J; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara; Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Razo, Christian; Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna; 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Yesuf, Subah Abderehim; Yezli, Saber; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh; Yismaw, Yazachew; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Yu, Yong; Yusuf, Hadiza; Zahid, Mondal Hasan; Zakham, Fathiah; Zaki, Leila; Zaki, Nazar; Zaman, Burhan Abdullah; Zamora, Nelson; Zand, Ramin; Zandieh, Ghazal G Z; Zar, Heather J; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Ning; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhong, Panliang; Zhou, Juexiao; Zhu, Zhaohua; Ziafati, Makan; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zimsen, Stephanie R M; Zoladl, Mohammad; Zumla, Alimuddin; Zyoud, Samer H; Vos, Theo; Murray, Christopher J L... more authors ... less authors ( Elsevier , 2024 , Article)Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury ...