History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection
Date
2023-10-06Author
Chemaitelly, HiamAyoub, Houssein H.
Tang, Patrick
Coyle, Peter V.
Yassine, Hadi M.
Al Thani, Asmaa A.
Al-Khatib, Hebah A.
Hasan, Mohammad R.
Al-Kanaani, Zaina
Al-Kuwari, Einas
Jeremijenko, Andrew
Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan
Latif, Ali Nizar
Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad
Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F.
Nasrallah, Gheyath K.
Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith
Butt, Adeel A.
Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid
Al-Thani, Mohamed H.
Al-Khal, Abdullatif
Bertollini, Roberto
Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
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Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of persons who had a primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, cohort studies. Adjusted hazard ratio for reinfection incidence, factoring adjustment for differences in testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history of two-dose vaccination to no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.76) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to two-dose vaccination, and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.68) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to no vaccination. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves increased markedly when the incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75* Omicron subvariants. The history of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against Omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against Omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the public health utility of booster vaccination.
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